1. The Establishment
Supplementary Notes

2. Articles of the Confederation
Structure
Unicameral – single chamber congress (like our Senate today)
Each state elected one representative
No Executive or Judicial Branches
Congressional Power:
lawmaking
Powers that states had:
Make war and peace
Send and receive ambassadors
Enter into treaties
Raise and equip an army and navy
Fix standard measurements
Regulate Indian affairs
Establish post offices
Decide disputes among states.

3. Articles of the Confederation
Weakness
Could not levy taxes
Could not regulate trade
Could not enforce laws it made
9 of 13 needed approval to make a law
all 13 states had to agree to amend the articles
no executive branch
no national courts – state courts interpreted laws

4. Articles of the Confederation
Problems that Arose
Could not pay revolutionary war veterans
Shay’s Rebellion
Farmers were charged tariffs to sell goods across state lines
These tariffs made it impossible for farmers to make a profit
If farmers could not pay their debt they were jailed
Daniel Shays, a former revolutionary war veteran and a farmer, wanted to siege Boston and force the government to help them.

5. Fixing the Articles
The congressional congress met to revise the Articles of the Confederacy
Then they decided to scrap the articles and start over
3 People Presided over the Constitutional Convention
Benjamin Franklin – 81 years old and played an active role in the debates over the constitution
George Washington – presided over the meeting
James Madison – known as the “Father of the Constitution” – because he was the author of the basic plan of government

6. Decisions and Compromises
Virginia Plan
Two houses – an upper and lower house based on population
Lower elected by the people
Upper elected by the lower
Executive branch chosen by legislature
Judiciary chosen by the legislature

7. Decisions and Compromises
The New Jersey Plan
One house – with one delegate from each state
Weak executive elected by legislature
Congress would have power to tax and regulate trade

8. Decisions and Compromises
Connecticut Compromise
House of Representatives – based on population
All spending and taxes start in this house
House is elected by the people
Senate
2 members from each state
Senate is elected by the states legislatures
(This was changed with the 17 amendment)
Amendments = Changes to the Constitution
Executive
Elected by the electoral college

9. Decisions and Compromises
Three-Fifth’s Compromise
3/5 of the slaves in the south would be counted for taxing and population purposes

10. Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist
Anti-Federalist arguments
Extralegal – not sanctioned by law
Lacked a Bill of Rights
Federalist Arguments
Anarchy without a strong central government
In order to gain support, the Federalist wrote a Bill of Rights

11. A New Country George Washington was chosen to be President
22 Senators and 59 representatives elected
And 10 Amendments were drafted and ratified – the Bill of Rights – the 1st ten amendments

12. The Philadelphia Miracle

13. The Beginning of Politics
Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans
Hamilton/Jefferson video on website
Federalist
Believed in a strong central government (hence the name)
Believed in an active government who read into the implied powers of government
Democratic-Republicans
Believed in state’s rights
Believed the government should ONLY do what it is explicitly stated in the Constitution

15. Midnight Judges Election of 1800 John Marshal – Supreme Court Justice
Adams, knowing the Federalists were losing, created 16 Judiciary seats and appointed 16 new judges at midnight before he left office
John Marshal – Supreme Court Justice
Marbury v. Madison (1803) – gave the Supreme Court the right of Judicial Review

16. Hamilton Duels Burr Hamilton insults Burr
“a dangerous man, and one who ought not to be trusted with the reins of government”
Hamilton’s honor compelled him to a duel
He intentionally lost
Burr kills Hamilton

17. The Louisiana Purchase and Exploration

18. The West in 1800 Many Americans traveled west to get their own land
“West” during this time was the area west of the Appalachian and east of the Mississippi
It was very important to the people of America that they be able to use the Mississippi River

19. Napoleon and New Orleans
French & Indian War
France lost New Orleans to the Spanish
Spain closed New Orleans to the Americans
America angry
Spain secretly gives New Orleans back to the French
America offers to purchase New Orleans to avoid war
France answers back with a bigger offer . . .

20. The Louisiana Purchase
France was in a very expensive war with Great Britain
Napoleon needed money to fuel the war
Jefferson’s Dilemma
Jefferson who believed in a strict interpretation of the constitution
Remember his debates with Hamilton?
The offer was too good to pass up
Jefferson purchases the Lousiana Territory for 15 million dollars
That 3 cents an acre

21. The Louisiana Purchase

22. Lewis and Clark Expedition (Corp of Discovery)
Meriwether Lewis
William Clark
These two men were instructed to keep detailed journals of their expedition
Purpose: Scientific Discovery
Sacajawea
Key Native American guide on the journey