1. Theoretical Foundations Chapter 1
Teaching and Learning With Technology
Judy Lever-Duffy, Jean B. McDonald

2. What is Educational Technology?
“…any technology used by educators in support of the teaching and learning process.” Lever-Duffy, p. 5

3. Why Study Educational Technology?
Professional Standards
ISTE’s NETS-T
Federally funded 2002
21 competencies for technology-literate educators
Teaching Methods
Technology enhances and supports learning

4. Definitions
Instructional Event – “includes all the teaching methods and learning experiences created to support the learning process.”
Learning – “a transfer of knowledge…”
Theory – “an idea or concept that offers an explanation for observed phenomena.”
Technology – “a means to an instructional end, not an end in itself.”

5. Learning as Communication
Communication cycle: Teacher sends Student receives Student returns feedback
Three types of variables can interfere:
Environmental factors
Psychological factors
Personal filters

6. Perspectives of Learning
Behaviorists
All behavior a response to external stimuli
Positive and negative reinforcement
Learning is a passive process
Ivan Pavlov
John Watson
B.F. Skinner

7. Perspectives of Learning
Cognitivists
Learning is mental operation
Information sensed, manipulated, stored, used
Jerome Bruner
David Ausubel
Early Piaget

8. Perspectives of Learning
Constructivists
Knowledge is a constructed element
Learning is a unique product for each individual based on experiences
New knowledge assimilated or accommodated
Jean Piaget
Seymour Papert
Robert Gagné
Lev Vygotsky
Albert Bandura
Howard Gardner

9. p. 11
Lever-Duffy 2e

10. The Learner Cognitive Styles Learning Styles Intelligence
How one thinks
Myers-Briggs (E-I, S-N, T-F, J-P)
Learning Styles
Auditory, visual, kinesthetic
Intelligence IQ
Theory of Multiple Intelligences

11. Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences

12. View of a Teacher
“Teaching is a systematic, planned sequence of events that facilitates the communication of an idea, concept, or skill to a learner.”
Each has own learning and cognitive style, and dominant intelligence
We teach in the way we like to learn, think, or do

13. Holistic View of Teaching
“…all of the elements of the [teaching and learning] process, from the learning environment to teaching strategies, to learning activities, to support technologies, interact in support of the learner.”
“…educational technologies cannot be selected or implemented until the teaching and learning process they support has been planned and detailed by an educator.”

14. History of Educational Technology
1900s – movies
1920s-30s – slides, radio and records
1940s – overhead, simulator, audio for teaching foreign languages
1950s-60s – television, programmed instruction
1970s - microcomputer