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Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi: /nrneph

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1 Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2017.59
Figure 2 Altered tryptophan metabolism in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) Figure 2 | Altered tryptophan metabolism in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In ccRCC, upregulation of tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine (KN) pathway results in increased production of the immunosuppressive metabolites KN and quinolinate (QN). This pathway can be inhibited using the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor epacadostat. The levels of enzymes that feed the serotonin and indoleacetate pathways of tryptophan metabolism, including DOPA decarboxylase (DDC), monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) or MAOB and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), are decreased in ccRCC. *Upregulated in tumour endothelial cells. Wettersten, H. I. et al. (2017) Metabolic reprogramming in clear cell renal cell carcinoma Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi: /nrneph

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Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi: /nrneph

Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi: /nrneph
Figure 5 A layered approach to the follow-up of patients with acute kidney disease (AKD) Figure 5 | A layered approach to the follow-up of patients with.

Figure 5 A layered approach to the follow-up of patients with acute kidney disease (AKD) Figure 5 | A layered approach to the follow-up of patients with.
Figure 6 Effects of adiponectin on podocyte function

Figure 6 Effects of adiponectin on podocyte function
Figure 3 Energy metabolism regulation, cardiovascular and bone disease in CKD Figure 3 | Energy metabolism regulation, cardiovascular and bone disease.

Figure 3 Energy metabolism regulation, cardiovascular and bone disease in CKD Figure 3 | Energy metabolism regulation, cardiovascular and bone disease.
Figure 4 Expression of coagulation protease receptors in renal cells

Figure 4 Expression of coagulation protease receptors in renal cells
Figure 4 Interactions between adipose, the microbiome and kidney

Figure 4 Interactions between adipose, the microbiome and kidney
Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi: /nrneph

Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi: /nrneph
Figure 2 Monoamine synthesis and metabolism in neurons

Figure 2 Monoamine synthesis and metabolism in neurons
Figure 2 Proinflammatory mechanisms in CKD

Figure 2 Proinflammatory mechanisms in CKD
Figure 1 Circadian changes in energy metabolism and immune responses in CKD Figure 1 | Circadian changes in energy metabolism and immune responses in CKD.

Figure 1 Circadian changes in energy metabolism and immune responses in CKD Figure 1 | Circadian changes in energy metabolism and immune responses in CKD.
Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro
Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro
Figure 1 Factors underlying metabolic alterations in osteoarthritis

Figure 1 Factors underlying metabolic alterations in osteoarthritis
Figure 1 Role of the kidney in glucose homeostasis

Figure 1 Role of the kidney in glucose homeostasis
Figure 4 Effect of dapagliflozin on HbA1c and body weight

Figure 4 Effect of dapagliflozin on HbA1c and body weight
Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi: /nrneph

Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi: /nrneph
Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi: /nrneph

Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi: /nrneph
Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi: /nrneph

Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi: /nrneph
Figure 6 The bioavailability of phosphate differs according to the protein source Figure 6 | The bioavailability of phosphate differs according to the.

Figure 6 The bioavailability of phosphate differs according to the protein source Figure 6 | The bioavailability of phosphate differs according to the.
Figure 3 Putative actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)

Figure 3 Putative actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)

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