6. Used Dialysis and Microfiltration Membranes

9. Dialysis Membranes with Serum
Control
Anomolous
Behavior!!!

10. Dialysis Membranes with Blood

11. Microfiltration Breakthrough
Control
Cin Qf t

13. Mircrofiltration Breakthrough
Cin Qf t

14. Animal Studies

15. Rate of change of the mass of Ab in the reservoir/body equals the -rate of
Ab removal from the filtrate flow, i.e. Qf (Creservoir – Cf)

23. From the Greek meaning to decay or to make
rotten, bacterial invasion of the body
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response
to infection injures its own tissues and organs.
Septic shock is low blood pressure due to sepsis that does not improve
after reasonable amounts of intravenous fluids are given.
Sepsis is caused by an immune response triggered by an infection.
The infection is most commonly by bacteria, but can also be by fungi, viruses,
or parasites. Common locations for the primary infection include: lungs,
brain, urinary tract, skin, and abdominal organs.
The terms septicemia and blood poisoning referred to the microorganisms
or their toxins in the blood and are no longer commonly used.
Diagnosis is based on meeting at least two systemic inflammatory response
syndrome (SIRS) criteria due to a presumed infection.

26. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), also known as lipoglycans and endotoxins, are
large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide, joined by a covalent bond;
they are found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and
elicit strong immune responses in animals.

27. Sepsis is caused by the uncontrolled spread of infectious
pathogens like bacteria and the release of endotoxins that
leads to the development of Systemic Inflammatory Response
Syndrome (SIRS)
18 million cases per year worldwide and 33% die from
sepsis complications
Bacterial ID can take several days so in the meantime
House recommends broad spectrum antibiotics until
the culprit bacteria is ID’d. This delay contributes to high
sepsis mortality
Sepsis treatment complicated by the release of toxins and
bacterial agonists to the immune system receptors from the
bacteria upon their lysis by immune cells and antibiotics, these
are called PAMPS (pathogen associated molecular patterns)

28. Antibiotics can reduce the number of living pathogens in the body
however they still release the PAMPs and endotoxins into the blood
which can still lead to septic shock and death
A hollow fiber device has been developed as a “biospleen” that can
remove pathogens from blood and the endotoxins and PAMPs, has
been tested using human blood in vitro and in vivo in rats
Technology is based on a genetically engineered protein that is based
on a naturally occurring opsonin protein called Mannose Binding Lectin
or MBL. In the human body MBL binds to a wide range of pathogens and
endotoxins.
The researchers bound the pathogen binding portion of MBL
to the Fc region of human Ig to give a engineered FcMBL protein that they
then adsorbed on to the surfaces of the hollow fibers.

29. MBL

32. CONCLUSION