1. Introduction to Poverty Homelessness.

2. Homelessness
Definition:"lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate night-time residence.“ (pbs.org/now)
million experience homelessness (National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty)
58% in shelters & 42% unsheltered
States w/highest rates of homelessness
23% of homeless are chronically in that state
1 in 50 children are homeless
Males more likely to be homeless than females

3. Homelessness Continued
Why are single people homeless?
Substance abuse
Lack of affordable housing
Mental illness
Why are families homeless?
Poverty
Unemployment

4. Homeless Demographics
Veterans
Race:
39% are non-Hispanic whites
42% are African-Americans
13% are Hispanic
4% are Native-American
2% were Asian
Location
71% central cities
21% suburbs
9% rural areas

5. Poverty

6. Housing Prices Median Prices in GR by Year: 1991--$72,500 (8th)
2013--$117, 900

7. Trends in Median Income in From 2005-2013, US & MI
Real median income in MI peaked in 2005.
It’s low was in 2012 and has grown by 1.54% to its current level in 2013.

8. Family Income in MI and US 2013

9. Hours of Work and Apartment Affordability
Hillary Clinton talking about women and economic (or lack of ) progress.

14. U.S. Poverty Rate 2013 U.S. poverty rate: 13.5 percent (2015)
Numbers of people: 45.3 million
Working-age people (18- to 64): 13.6%
Under 18 years of age:19.9 %
Elderly (65+): 9.5 %
Females:15.8 %
Males: 13.1%
Native Born: 13.9%
Not a Citizen: 22.8%
Region:
Midwest (12.9%), Northeast (12.7%); South (16.1%), West (14.7%)
Work Experience: full-time (2.7%); less than full-time (17.5%)
Race/ethnicity
Whites: 9.6%
Blacks: 27.2%
Asians: 10.5
Hispanics: 23.5%

15. U.S. Poverty Rates, 2013 http://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty/13poverty.cfm
Following the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) Statistical Policy Directive 14, the Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who is in poverty. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold, then that family and every individual in it is considered in poverty. The official poverty thresholds do not vary geographically, but they are updated for inflation using Consumer Price Index (CPI-U). The official poverty definition uses money income before taxes and does not include capital gains or noncash benefits (such as public housing, Medicaid, and food stamps).
Income Used to Compute Poverty Status (Money Income):
Includes earnings, unemployment compensation, workers' compensation, Social Security, Supplemental Security Income, public assistance, veterans' payments, survivor benefits, pension or retirement income, interest, dividends, rents, royalties, income from estates, trusts, educational assistance, alimony, child support, assistance from outside the household, and other miscellaneous sources.
SOURCE:  Federal Register, Vol. 78, No. 16, January 24, 2013, pp

17. Programs Using Poverty Guidelines
Department of Health and Human Services:
Community Services Block Grant
Head Start
Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)
PARTS of Medicaid (31 percent of eligibles in Fiscal Year 2004)
Hill-Burton Uncompensated Services Program
AIDS Drug Assistance Program
Children’s Health Insurance Program
Medicare – Prescription Drug Coverage (subsidized portion only)
Community Health Centers
Migrant Health Centers
Family Planning Services
Health Professions Student Loans — Loans for Disadvantaged Students
Health Careers Opportunity Program
Scholarships for Health Professions Students from Disadvantaged Backgrounds
Job Opportunities for Low-Income Individuals
Assets for Independence Demonstration Program
Department of Agriculture:
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) (formerly Food Stamp Program)
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
National School Lunch Program (for free and reduced-price meals only)
School Breakfast Program (for free and reduced-price meals only)
Child and Adult Care Food Program (for free and reduced-price meals only)
Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program

18. Department of Energy:
Weatherization Assistance for Low-Income Persons
Department of Labor:
Job Corps
National Farmworker Jobs Program
Senior Community Service Employment Program
Workforce Investment Act Youth Activities
Department of the Treasury:
Low-Income Taxpayer Clinics
Corporation for National and Community Service:
Foster Grandparent Program
Senior Companion Program
Legal Services Corporation:
Legal Services for the Poor

19. EXAMPLE of FAMILY INCOME & POVERTY DETERMINATION

20. Related children under 18 years
Poverty Thresholds for 2013 by Size of Family and Number of Related Children Under 18 Years
Size of family unit
Weighted average thresholds
Related children under 18 years
None
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Eight or more
One person (unrelated individual)
11,888
Under 65 years
12,119
65 years and over
11,173
Two people
15,142
Householder under 65 years
15,679
15,600
16,057
Householder 65 years and over
14,095
14,081
15,996
Three people
18,552
18,222
18,751
18,769
Four people
23,834
24,028
24,421
23,624
23,707
Five people
28,265
28,977
29,398
28,498
27,801
27,376
Six people
31,925
33,329
33,461
32,771
32,110
31,128
30,545
Seven people
36,384
38,349
38,588
37,763
37,187
36,115
34,865
33,493
Eight people
40,484
42,890
43,269
42,490
41,807
40,839
39,610
38,331
38,006
Nine people or more
48,065
51,594
51,844
51,154
50,575
49,625
48,317
47,134
46,842
45,037
Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

21. Education & Poverty

22. What is the Source of Poverty?

23. Why Members of Government Say Poverty is High
“This idea that has been born, maybe out of the economy over the last couple years, that you know, I really don’t have to work. I don’t really want to do this. I think I’d rather just sit around. This is a very sick idea for our country,” he said. “If you wanted something you worked for it,” Boehner said, adding, “Trust me, I did it all.”
American Enterprise Institute

24. Representative Paul Ryan (R- WI)
“We have got this tailspin of culture, in our inner cities in particular, of men not working and just generations of men not even thinking about working or learning the value and the culture of work, and so there is a real culture problem here that has to be dealt with.”

25. Poverty in America: Rhetoric vs Reality
ttp://

26. Alternative Explanations

27. Feminization of Poverty
Conceptualized by Diana Pearce (1978):
Refers to increase in numbers of poor who are female
To growing number of poor people living in female-headed families

28. Why do women have higher rates of poverty than other household types?
1) Fewer economic resources than men.
2) More likely to be heads of single parent families.
 3) Minority women over-represented among the poor.
their minority status
higher rates of single parenthood
4) Elderly women more likely to be poor than men.
fewer economic resources (less Social Security)
longer life expectancies

29. Theories of Gender Inequities
Women’s lower economic status reflects the unequal distribution of power in society between men and women.
Labor market discrimination—
Occurs when men are paid more than women (for the same work).
Discrimination contributes to occupational gender segregation
Inequality in the labor market
Bias/discrimination prior to entering labor market
EX: different jobs

30. Missing Poor Katherine Newman

31. Business of Poverty