1. Thought-Provoker: How would you feel if you were an African-American who lived during Jim Crow & couldn’t use the same drinking fountains as whites?

2. Sec. 1: African Americans struggle for Equal Rights

3. 14TH – GRANTED CITIZENSHIP RTS. TO AFRICAN AMERICANS
1. 13TH – 15TH AMENDMENTS
13TH – ABOLISHED SLAVERY
14TH – GRANTED CITIZENSHIP RTS. TO AFRICAN AMERICANS
15TH – GRANTED VOTING RTS. TO AFRICAN AMERICANS

4. 2. What branch of government prevented their effectiveness?
Judicial Branch
(The U.S. Supreme Court)

5. 3. DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING:
DISCRIMINATION – TREATING 1 GROUP/PERSON DIFFERENT THAN ANOTHER
SEGREGATION – SEPERATING 1 GROUP/PERSON FROM ANOTHER
JIM CROW LAWS – LAWS IN THE SOUTH THAT LEGALIZED SEGREGATION

6. 4. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): Background S.C. Ruling Impact
Homer Plessy was 1/8 black and wanted to sit in an all-white railway train in New Orleans. He was arrested and convicted of violating the city’s Jim Crow Laws
S.C. Ruling
Ruled that the city can have separate facilities for whites and blacks as long as they were equal
Came to be known as the ‘separate but equal’ doctrine’
Impact
Huge setback for the civil rights of African Americans

7. 5. What does the NAACP stand for and what are its 3 major goals?
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
INCREASE PUBLIC AWARENESS
EXERT PRESSURE ON CONGRESS
INITIATE ACTION IN THE COURTS

8. Sec. 2: The Civil Rts. Movement Gains Momentum

9. 1. Brown v. Board of Ed. (1957): Background
Linda Brown was an 8 yr. old black girl who lived near an all-white school in Topeka, Kansas but had to be bused to an all-black school across town because of the city’s Jim Crow laws. Her parents sued the school district so she could go to the closer all-white school
S.C. Ruling
Ruled that when it came to education, their can’t be ‘separate but equal’ schools due to the severe psychological damage done to the minds of black children feeling inferior to white kids cuz they can’t go to the same schools
Ordered an immediate end to segregation in schools
Impact - Huge victory for the Civil Rts. Movement and served as a springboard to end discrimination in other areas of public life

10. Southern school districts were slow to desegregate
2. Identify 2 problems that arose after the ‘Brown’ Decision & the Fed. Government’s response to both:
Southern school districts were slow to desegregate
The federal courts ordered them to bus black kids to white schools and vice versa
Violence arose in many southern communities between blacks and whites as the schools were forced to desegregate
The federal government called in federal troops to restore order

11. 3. Rosa Parks, Montgomery Bus Boycott:
42 yr. old black dressmaker who would not give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama. She was arrested and convicted of violating the city’s Jim Crow Laws
Montgomery Bus Boycott
55,000 black people in Montgomery, Alabama decided to boycott the city’s bus system for one year in response to Rosa Parks conviction
Brought national media attention to the civil rights struggle in the south

12. 4. Martin Luther King, Jr., Civil Disobedience:
27 yr. old black Baptist minister who became the nation’s premier Civil Rights leader following the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Civil Disobedience
MLK’s philosophy of non-violent resistance to the southern Jim Crow Laws
Law enforcement officials beat civil rts. marchers up with billy-clubs; sicked police dogs on them, & used fire hoses to break up sit-ins
The strategy was to capture the white authority as violent and racist while the black civil rights marchers were peaceful
It was an attempt to gain support from the more liberal population in the North and West (It worked!)

13. Civil Rts. Act:
Bars arbitrary discrimination in voter registration
Outlaws discrimination in public accommodations (motels, restaurants, theaters, and sports arenas)
Gives the Attorney General the power to bring lawsuits to desegregate public facilities/schools
Calls for the withholding of federal funds from public/private programs that discriminate
Prohibits job discrimination by private employers or unions
Expands the power of the Civil Rts. Commission, creates a Community Relations Service to solve racial disputes, & establishes the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

14. 6. Why was this act successful in ending discrimination while all previous laws were not?
This act (unlike all previous ones) had the backing and full support of our U.S. Supreme Court