1. WH Chapter 4
Ancient Greece
1900 – 133 BCE

2. Focus Activity
Define city state, tyrant, democracy, oligarchy

3. First Greek Civilizations

4. Section 1 – Early Greeks and City States
Objectives
1. How did geography influence Greek history?
2. How did the Minoans and Mycenaeans affect Greek civilization?
3. How did Greek city-states develop?

5. Impact of Geography

6. Impact of Geography

7. Impact of Geography
Greece is two mountainous peninsulas, causing the development of several city-states
The Greeks relied on the sea and many Greeks sailed into the Aegean and IonianSeas
The Greeks spread their influence throughout the Mediterranean

8. The Minoan Civilization

9. The Minoan Civilization
By 2800 BCE, the Minoan civilization was established on the island of Crete.
Arthur Evans, British archaeologist, discovered the remains of the city of Knossos
1450 BCE, the Minoans suffered a catastrophe

10. The Minoan Civilization

11. The Minoan Civilization

12. First Greek City State: Mycenae

13. First Greek City State: Mycenae
1600 BCE, the Mycenaean civilization developed
The Mycenaean civilization was discovered by Heinrich Schliemann, German archaeologist
The Mycenaean civilization was made up of powerful monarchies. The royal families lived behind the protection of fortified walls. The royal family were buried in tholos tombs.

14. Mycenaean Architecture

15. First Greek City State: Mycenae
The Mycenaean's were a warrior culture.
They developed an extensive commercial (trade) network.
Homer, Greek storyteller, is known for stories dealing with the Trojan War
Due to wars between the Mycenaean states and earthquakes, the Mycenaean civilization collapsed.

16. City States The Greek word for city-state is polis
Most city-states were built on a hill called an acropolis
Each city-state had a market place called an agora
Each city-state was independent from the others.

17. Greeks in a Dark Age Iron replaced bronze during the Dark Age.
The Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet.
Homer’s two great epic poems
Iliad – story of the Trojan War (centered on the character of Achilles)
Odyssey – story of Odysseus’ journey home to Ithaca

18. Homer

19. Greeks in a Dark Age
Homer’s poems established a set of values for Greek men to live by (courage, honor)
The Greek hero struggled for arete(excellence achieved in a battle or contest)

20. Odyssey

21. Create a Polis (City State)
1. Create a city state…create a name.
2. Locate and label the following locations…acropolis (city state government), agora, farmlands (grapes, lemons) pastures (lambs), ampitheatre
3. Who is the god or goddess of your city state…locate and label the temple

22. Section Two – Greek Government and Society
Objectives
1. Why were Homer’s poems important?
2. What were the main religious beliefs and practices of the ancient Greeks?
3. How did governments of the Greek city-states change over time?

23. Religion
Greeks developed stories about their gods and goddesses known as __________________________________
Where did the gods and goddesses live? __________________________________
Special priest and priestesses who were believed to answer questions about the future were ________________________
Athletic contests held every 4 years to honor the gods and goddesses were ______________________________________

24. Religion

25. Greek Government Originally, chieftains ruled the Greek city-states.
Later, Greek city states were controlled by nobles which were known as __________________________________
Heavily armed Greek infantry who carried long spears were known as __________________________________

26. Government…cont.
Leaders who illegally took power but had the people’s support were __________________________________
A government were the people should rule themselves and the citizens take part is a __________________________________

27. Section 4 – Daily Life in Athens
A. Athenian Economy
Most citizens were farmers (olives, grapes, figs). Used terracing to plant crops. *(Terracing – carving small plots from hillsides).
Established overseas trade –
Imports – goods bought from another country or region)
Exports – goods sold to another country or region

28. Section 4 – Daily Life in Athens
A. Athenian Economy (Cont.
Trade was main part of Athenian economy (Mediterranean trade)
B. Home and Family Life
Citizens lived in simple homes but believed that money should be spent on public buildings to benefit the whole community.
Parents arranged marriages for their daughters at age 13 or 14

29. Section 4 – Daily Life in Athens
B. Home and Family Life
Some babies were abandoned and left to die for financial or health reasons.
Women were considered inferior. Subject to their husband’s authority.
Children were taken care of until age 6
Boys were placed under the care of a pedagogue at age 7.

30. Section 4 – Daily Life in Athens
C. Education and Military Service
Socio-economic differences
Great value on education
Athenians prized physical fitness and intelligence.
Age 18 – military service (hoplites)

31. Section 5 – Expansion of Greece
A. Persian Wars
1. First war
Led by the Persian ruler, Darius
Battle of Marathon – Persians defeated
10 year peace
2. Second War
480 BC – Xerxes, Darius’ son, attacked Greece
Battle of Thermopylae – 300 Spartans
City of Athens destroyed by the Persians
Persians defeated in 479 BC

32. Section 5 – Expansion of Greece
B. Age of Pericles
Athens placed in charge of the Delian League (alliance of Greek city-states)
Athens reached greatest level under the leadership of Pericles
Increased the size of the Athenian empire
Pericles moved the treasury of the Delian League to Athens

33. Section 5 – Expansion of Greece
C. Peloponnesian War
431 BC – war broke out between Athens and Sparta (Peloponnesian War) – the city-states sided with Athens or Sparta
Athens placed under siege
Sparta, with the help of Persia, forced Athens to surrender
The Peloponnesian War led to instability and the downfall of Greece