1. Western Europe in the High Middle Ages
Chap 19 Day 3
Western Europe in the High Middle Ages
11th – 14th cen.
(1000 – 1300 CE)
Early – 6th cen- 10th cen
(_____ to ______)
Late – 14th to 16th cen
(______ to ______)

2. Popular Religion – meaning?
Population at large remained unaffected by Scholasticism – WHY?
The Seven Sacraments gain ritual popularity
Esp. Eucharist - ??
Devotion to Saints
Heavenly intercession, pilgrimages, veneration of relics
The Virgin Mary

3. Religious Movements
Rebellion against perceived materialism of Roman Catholic Church
St. Dominic ( ) and St. Francis ( ) create orders of mendicants
Vows of poverty – WHY?
Popular preachers
Religious zealots, very opposed to heretical movements

4. Popular Heresy (southern France, northern Italy)
Waldesians
Urged more lay control of preaching, sacraments
The Cathars (Albigensians)
Influenced by religious movements in eastern Europe
Chastity, vegetarianism, poverty
Pope Innocent III virtually destroys Cathar movement in 13th century - Crusade

5. Medieval Expansion of Europe
Atlantic and Baltic Colonization
Scandinavians explore North Atlantic Ocean
Iceland, Greenland, Vinland (Canada)
Canadian settlements do not succeed
Kings of Denmark nominally convert to Christianity, Sweden and Finland follow

6. Crusading Orders Religious Christians form military-religious orders
Templars, Hospitallers, Teutonic Knights
Religious vows of opposition to Islam, paganism
Founded churches and monasteries

7. The Reconquest of Sicily and Spain
Sicily taken by Muslims in 9th century, reconquered by Normans in 11th century
Slow displacement of Islam
Opportunity for cross-cultural fertilization – RESULT?
Two small Christian states survive Muslim conquest
Become nucleus of reconquest, 1060s-1492
Rapid, forceful assertions of Christian authority

8. The Beginning of the Crusades
Pope Urban II calls for liberation of Jerusalem from Muslim control, 1095 – WHY GO?
Salvation promised for casualties
Rapid, enthusiastic response
Peter the Hermit raises popular frenzy, mob destroyed on way to Jerusalem

9. The First Crusade 1096-1099 more organized expedition
Captures Jerusalem, largely due to poor Muslim organization
Salah al-Din (Saladin) recaptures Jerusalem in 1187

10. Routes of the First Crusade – Observations???

11. The medieval expansion of Europe, 1000 – 1250 CE- Observations???

12. Later Crusades and their Consequences
Five crusades by mid-13th century, none successful – Meaning?
Fourth Crusade destroys Constantinople, – WHY?
Yet Crusades were a success for Western Europe – WHY?
Provide direct contact with Muslim ideologies, trade
Aristotle, “Arabic” numerals, paper production