1. Confronting Genocide: Never Again?
The Choices for the 21st Century Education Program, Watson Institute for International Studies,
Brown University.

3. Part One: Defining Genocide
According to the United Nations Genocide Convention, genocide is a coordinated plan to destroy a national, ethnic, racial or religious group by killing, causing serious harm, inflicting conditions designed to bring about its destruction, preventing births within the group, or removing children from the group.

4. A. World War One Raphael Lemkin and the term “genocide”
The international community
World War One
The failure of the League of Nations
The 1933 Madrid Conference

5. B. World War Two and the Cold War
How did World War Two change the international community?
The Nuremberg trials
The United Nations Genocide Convention (1948)

6. How did the Cold War affect the role of the United Nations?
What was the reaction in the United States to the Genocide Convention?

7. C. After the Cold War The future of international cooperation
Events that have indicated a change in the international attitude toward state sovereignty
The United States and the International Criminal Court

8. Part Two: Case Studies
Throughout the last hundred years the attempted extermination of an entire group has occurred time after time. Despite widespread acknowledgement that genocide should not and will not be tolerated, the United States and the rest of the world have struggled to respond for a variety of reasons.

9. A. The Armenian Genocide
Origins of the Turkish-Armenian conflict
How was genocide committed?
The response of the international community

10. B. The Nazi Holocaust Origins of the Nazi persecution of Jews
Hitler and his “Final Solution”
The world response

11. C. The Cambodian Genocide
Origins of the Cambodian genocide
The Khmer Rouge and the Cambodian genocide
The world response

12. D. The Bosnian Genocide Origins of Yugoslavia’s unrest
The targets of the Bosnian genocide
The world response

13. E. The Rwandan Genocide Origins of the Tutsi-Hutu conflict
How was the Rwandan genocide carried out?
The international response

14. F. The Sudanese Genocide
Origins of the conflict in Sudan
The genocide in Darfur
The international response

16. Part Three: Individuals of Conscience
Armenia – Ambassador Henry Morgenthau, Sr.
The Holocaust – Paster Martin Niemoller
Cambodia – Dith Pran and Sydney Schanberg
Bosnia – State Department resignations
Rwanda – Alison Des Forges and Romeo Dallaire

17. Part Four: Potential U.S. Responses
Option 1: LEAD THE WORLD IN THE FIGHT TO STOP GENOCIDE
Option 2: STAND WITH THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AGAINST GENOCIDE
Option 3: SPEAK OUT, BUT PRESERVE STATE SOVEREIGNTY
Option 4: INTERVENE ONLY WHEN U.S. INTERESTS ARE DIRECTLY THREATENED