1. Chapter 29
Europe & America

2. 99. Portrait of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. Miguel Cabrera. c. 1750 C.E. Oil on canvas.
“I do not study in order to write, nor far less in order to teach (which would be boundless arrogance in me), but simply to see whether by studying I may become less ignorant. This is my answer, and these are my feelings ”

3. Boffrand, Salon de la Princessa

4. 101. The Swing. Jean-Honoré Fragonard. 1767 C.E. Oil on canvas.

5. 105. Self-Portrait. Elisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun. 1790 C. E
105. Self-Portrait. Elisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun C.E. Oil on canvas.

6. 98. The Tête à Tête, from Marriage à la Mode. William Hogarth. c
98. The Tête à Tête, from Marriage à la Mode. William Hogarth. c C.E. Oil on canvas.

7. 100. A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery
100. A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery. Joseph Wright of Derby. c. 1763–1765 C.E. Oil on canvas.

8. West, Death of General Wolf

9. Copley, Portrait of Paul Revere, 1768

10. Kauffmann, Cornelia presenting her children as her treasures, 1785

11. 103. The Oath of the Horatii. Jacques-Louis David. 1784 C. E
103. The Oath of the Horatii. Jacques-Louis David C.E. Oil on canvas.

12. David, Death of Marat, 1793

13. 102. Monticello. Virginia, U. S. Thomas Jefferson (architect)
102. Monticello. Virginia, U.S. Thomas Jefferson (architect). 1768–1809 C.E. Brick, glass, stone, and wood. (2 images).

14. Indeed, even had he never entered political life, Jefferson would be remembered today as one of the earliest proponents of neoclassical architecture in the United States. Jefferson believed art was a powerful tool; it could elicit social change, could inspire the public to seek education, and could bring about a general sense of enlightenment for the American public.  By helping to introduce classical architecture to the United States, Jefferson intended to reinforce the ideals behind the classical past: democracy, education, rationality, civic responsibility. Because he detested the English, Jefferson continually rejected British architectural precedents for those from France. In doing so, Jefferson reinforced the symbolic nature of architecture. Jefferson did not just design a building; he designed a building that eloquently spoke to the democratic ideals of the United States.

15. Jefferson, Rotunda & Lawn, University of Virginia, 1819-1826

16. 104. George Washington. Jean-Antoine Houdon. 1788–1792 C.E. Marble.

17. Greenough, George Washington, 1840

18. Houdon, George Washington, 1788 vs. Greenough, George Washington, 1840