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The Skeletal System
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Functions of the Skeletal System:
Every movement is possible because of the muscles working with the bones – skeletal system. Functions of the Skeletal System: 1. Anchor for body’s movement 2. Provides support 3. Protects soft organs inside the body.
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Classification of Bones
Long bones – arms and legs Short bones – feet and hands Irregular bones – spine Flat bones – ribs and skull
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What are Bones Made Of??? living tissue
They have spaces inside – Bones are made of soft and hard material allow blood nutrients to pass through
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Two Types of Bone Tissue
Compact Bone – Outside of the bone -Supportive tissue of the body-Is the part we call the skeleton Spongy Bone – Tissue inside the bone-Strong, but lightweight
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Marrow and Blood Cells Marrow – inside the spongy bone tissue, produces blood cells The blood brings nutrients to the bone cells and carries waste materials away.
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Two Main Divisions in the Skeleton
Axial Skeleton – Central part of the Skeleton Forms the axis Provides support and protection Includes the skull, spinal column, ribs Appendicular Skeleton – attached to the axis skeleton-Allows movement - Shoulder, legs, arms, knees, etc.
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The Skeleton Changes as We Grow
Infancy – Skull is made up of several bones that have spaces between them – The spaces gradually grow together. Childhood – Bone growth occurs at growth plates, a flexible, firm connective tissue. The length and shape of bones is determined by growth plates. Adolescence – Bones stop growing at the end of adolescence – the growth plate becomes hard, then arms and legs stop growing and the skull plates fuse together. Adulthood – As people age, more bone is broken down than is formed. Bones become less dense and can break more easily.
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Joints Connect Parts of the Skeletal System
Joint – A place at which two parts of the skeletal system meet. Three Types of Joints: Immoveable – locks bones together like puzzle pieces. Ex: bones of skull Slightly moveable – enables you to flex slightly. Ex: ribs connected to sternum Freely Moveable – joints that allow your body to bend and to move. Ligaments hold the bones together at moveable joints.
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