1. Invertebrates Part 1 Phylum Porifera: Sponges
April Adams
Zoology

2. Zoology Standards
SZ2. Students will explain the evolutionary history of animals over the geological history of Earth.  
a. Outline the geological history of Earth and discuss the major environmental changes that have occurred over time.
c. Describe the fossil record of the animals including discussing the Cambrian Explosion and major extinction events.
SZ3. Students will compare form and function relationships within animal groups (clades) and across key taxa.
a. Explain the similarities and differences among major body plans (e.g., asymmetry, radial and bilateral symmetry).
SZ4. Students will assess how animals interact with their environment including key adaptations found within animal taxa.  
a. Discuss morphological and physiological adaptations relative to ecological roles.
b. Relate animal adaptations, including behaviors, to the ecological roles of animals.
c. Explain various life cycles found among animals (e.g., polyp and medusa in cnidarians;

3. Hypothesis of Multicellularity
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Hypothesis of Multicellularity

4. Characteristics of Animals
1. Multicellular, eukaryotes
2. Heterotrophs
3. Cells w/out cell walls, many have specialized functions
4. Usually have a method of movement
5. Most reproduce sexually
6. Require oxygen

5. Describe the Body Plans of Animals
1. Symmetry: balance in body proportions
a. Asymmetrical:have irregularly shaped bodies, no symmetry

6. b. Radial symmetry: can be divided along any plane to produce 2 halves which look alike
c. Bilateral: can be divided only one way to produce mirror image halves
Radial
Bilateral Symmetry
Posterior end
Dorsal
Ventral
Planes of Symmetry
Anterior end
Planes of symmetry

7. 2. Body arrangements:
a. anterior: head region b. posterior: tail region c. dorsal: back or top d. ventral: abdomen or bottom

8. Sponges: Phylum Porifera (“pore bearer”)
Simplest of all animals
Assymetrical
Sessile filter-feeders whose bodies have many pores
Obtain oxygen by filtering water
No nervous system or organ systems
No tissue organization-
2 cell layers
Blue World:Sponges
Sponge Intro Video

9. SPONGES Digestion: filter feeders - choanocytes
Excretion: Basic diffusion; wastes exit through osculum
Circulation: amoeboid cells
Respiration: diffusion-obtain oxygen from water
Reproduction: ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL

10. The Anatomy of a Sponge Outer epithelial layer
jellylike middle layer ( amoeboid cells and spicules)
Spongocoel- inner cavity lined with choanocytes
Water flow
Osculum
Choanocyte
Central cavity
Spicule
Pore cell
Pore
Pores
Epidermal cell
Amoeboid cell
Section 26-2

11. Simple Sponge Morphology
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Simple Sponge Morphology

13. Sponge Reproduction Asexually:
Fragments break off  grow into new individuals
Buds form from sides of parent sponge, break offnew sponge
can grow back missing parts (regeneration)
Sexually:
Hermaphrodites: produce both eggs and sperm
Gametes are released into water (external fertilization)larva swim to new area

14. Lifestyle and Importance
Aquatic- mostly marine
sessile as adults with free living larva
Importance- As filter feeders, they clean water in ecosystem
Large sponges filter 1500 liters/day

15. Precambrian Before 670 MYA Porifera Platyhelmithes Mollusca Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Hemichordata
Cnidaria
Nemertea
Annelida
Lophophores
Chordata
Precambrian
Before 670 MYA
Protozoans

16. How much did your brain “sponge” in?
What does the word Porifera mean?
Do sponges have cells?
Do sponges have tissues?
How do sponges survive without body systems? (Be specific)
How do they asexually reproduce?
How do they sexually reproduce?
When did they show up in the fossil record?