1. Why were Thomas More and Erasmus known as Christian humanists?
Bell Ringer
Why were Thomas More and Erasmus known as Christian humanists?

2. Luther Leads the Reformation
1.3

3. Causes of the Reformation
Social
Humansim/secularism caused people to question Church
Printing press spread ideas
Political
Monarchs challenged Pope
Economic
Jealous of Church’s wealth/resentment over taxes
Religious
Church leaders corrupt and wealthy
Sale of indulgences (pardon)

4. Early Calls for Reform Denied pope had worldly power
Bible had more authority than the Church
More Europeans reading religious works and forming own opinions

5. Luther Challenges the Church
1517: Challenged friar Johann Tetzel – selling indulgences
Oct 1517: Wrote 95 Thesis
Formal statements attacking Church
Actions unknowingly began the Reformation

7. Luther’s Teachings
People could win salvation only by faith in God’s forgiveness
Church taught faith and “good works” were needed for salvation
All Church teachings should be based on the Bible
Teachings came from the Church leaders
All people with faith are equal
Priests interpreted the Bible for the people

8. The Response to Luther 1520: Pope Leo X excommunicates Luther
1521: Holy Roman Emperor Charles V calls Luther to stand trial
Issues Edict of Worms
Declares Luther an outlaw and heretic
1522: Luther returns to Wittenberg
Discovers he has followers – Lutherans
1524: Peasants apply Luther’s ideas to life and revolt

10. Peace of Augsburg
1529: ½ German princes support Luther – ½ support Pope
German princes that supported Luther were protesting the pope – became known as Protestants
Charles V went to war with Protestants
1555: Issued Peace of Augsburg: each prince decides religion for state

11. England becomes Protestant
Henry VIII desires male heir – wants to divorce or annul
1534: Parliament passes Act of Supremacy
Makes Henry the head of England’s Church
After death:
Edward VI
Mary
Elizabeth
1559: Sets up the Anglican Church with Elizabeth as leader
Meant to be acceptable to Catholics and Protestants