1. Puberty
When you reach puberty your body changes so that you can reproduce. It makes special sex cells called gametes.

2. Puberty questions
Puberty changes in boys and girls are triggered by h………….
Just below the brain is a master gland. The hormones it releases trigger puberty. It is called the p……….. gland.
ormones
ituitary

3. Menstrual cycle
Girls have a regular menstrual cycle when their body prepares for pregnancy.
Boys begin making sperm which can fertilise an egg.
AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  3

4. Menstrual cycle questions
ovaries
A girl’s sex organs are called …………
They make gametes called ………
A boy’s sex organs are called ……….
They make gametes called ……….
eggs
testes
sperm
AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  4

5. Eating a balanced diet is an important part of keeping healthy.
Source of energy for activities and life processes
Potatoes, pasta, rice, bread, sugar, cereals
Making new cells, growth
Meat, fish, nuts, cheese, eggs, beans, peas, lentils, milk
Energy source, making cells and hormones, heat insulation
Butter, nuts, sunflower oil, red meat, salmon, cheese, margarine, ice-cream

6. Balanced diet II
A balanced diet will include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, fibre and water.
AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  6

7. Respiration The food you eat is used as a fuel during respiration.
It provides energy for the cells of your body.
Your food also gives you the raw materials you need to grow and to repair worn out cells.

8. Respiration questions
The food you eat is used as a f…… during respiration.
It provides energy for the c…… of your body.
Your food also gives you the raw materials you need to g…… and to repair worn out cells.
uel
ells
row

9. Digestion
Your food needs breaking down (digesting) before it is any use in your body.
AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  9

10. Digestion questions Carbohydrates are very large m…….…… .
They are too large to d……….. into the blood.
The digestive system makes an e………. called amylase.
Amylase breaks down carbohydrates into ……….. .
olecules
issolve
nzyme
sugars
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11. Diseases caused by bacteria and viruses can affect your health.

12. Put these objects in order of size, largest first!
Diseases
Put these objects in order of size, largest first!
cell nucleus
ant
virus
bacteria
human cell
ant
cell nucleus
human cell
bacteria
virus

13. Body defence
Your body can defend itself against disease-causing microorganisms, but sometimes you give it a helping hand by taking medicines or being immunised.

14. Body defence questions
The MMR vaccine protects you from the diseases: …………. ………… ………..
The BCG vaccine protects you against the disease: ……………….
Antibiotics help fight disease caused by some b……….. but they do not work against diseases caused by v……….
measles
mumps
rubella
tuberculosis
acteria
iruses

15. Drugs
Both legal and illegal drugs can damage your health if you abuse them. It is against the law to use illegal drugs.