1. Ming and Qing Dynasties

2. Last 3 Dynasties (Beijing)
Yuan Dynasty ( )
Mongolian
north of China proper
Ming Dynasty ( )
Han Chinese
Qing Dynasty ( )
Manchu
northeast of China proper

3. Confucian culture modern concept of political nation state
Chinese defined by Confucian culture
civil service exam ( )
social mobility
reward diligence, discipline, and willpower, but not talent or innovation
law of avoidance
“sum of social relationships”

4. Social hierarchy and mobility
scholar-officials, farmers, artisans, and merchants
scholar-official-landlord
learning, political power, and economic wealth
local elite (gentry) and lineage
lack of work ethic
literati’s long gown
foot-binding for women

5. Ming Dynasty ( )

6. China’s Tributary System
Traditional system for managing foreign relations
The ``Central Kingdom” worldview
Ming dynasty had the most extensive tributary system
tributes from East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and even West Asia and Africa

7. Zheng He’s fleet (1405 - 1433) Over 300 ships & 20,000 men
trade and commerce
Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Asia, and East Africa

8. Zheng He’s expeditions

9. Qing Dynasty ( )
Ming dynasty fell in 1644 amid peasant uprisings and Manchu invasion
Manchu and Han Chinese

10. Ming and Qing Emperors

11. Mandate of Heaven

12. The 6 Bu
Ministries
6-Bu system started in early Tang Dynasty ( )

13. The 6 Bu (ministries) Ministry of Personnel Ministry of Revenue
Ministry of Rites
Ministry of Military
Ministry of Criminal Justice
Ministry of Public Works

14. Emperor & Macartney (1793)