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Introduction to Software
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Software What is software?
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Software What is software?
Anyone remember our definition of a computer from yesterday?
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Software What is software?
Anyone remember our definition of a computer from yesterday? A programmable machine that inputs, outputs, and manipulates data/information according to a list of instructions.
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Software What is software?
Anyone remember our definition of a computer from yesterday? A programmable machine that inputs, outputs, and manipulates data/information according to a list of instructions.
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Software What is software?
Anyone remember our definition of a computer from yesterday? A programmable machine that inputs, outputs, and manipulates data/information according to a list of instructions. Software is the list of instructions that tells a computer what to do.
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Software Examples of software:
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Software Examples of software: MS Word
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Software Examples of software: MS Word The games you play
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Software Examples of software: MS Word The games you play
Facebook, Twitter, Skype
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Software Examples of software: MS Word The games you play
Facebook, Twitter, Skype Web browsers: Internet Explorer, Firefox, etc.
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Software Examples of software: MS Word The games you play
Facebook, Twitter, Skype Web browsers: Internet Explorer, Firefox, etc. …
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Software What does software look like?
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Actual Code From Counter-Strike
// Out of ammo? if ( m_iClip1 <= 0 ) { if (m_bFireOnEmpty) PlayEmptySound(); m_flNextPrimaryAttack = gpGlobals->curtime + 0.2; } return false; SendWeaponAnim( ACT_VM_PRIMARYATTACK ); m_iClip1--; // player "shoot" animation pPlayer->SetAnimation( PLAYER_ATTACK1 );
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Software It’s all Greek to me!
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Software It’s all Greek to me!
How does the computer understand this stuff?
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Software It’s all Greek to me!
How does the computer understand this stuff? You have to translate it for the computer.
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Software It’s all Greek to me!
How does the computer understand this stuff? You have to translate it for the computer. So…what language does the computer understand?
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Software Remember that analog/digital stuff from yesterday?
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Software Remember that analog/digital stuff from yesterday?
The computer understands a digital language.
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Software Remember that analog/digital stuff from yesterday?
The computer understands a digital language. It is a language of 1’s and 0’s…
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Software Remember that analog/digital stuff from yesterday?
The computer understands a digital language. It is a language of 1’s and 0’s… The 1’s are a “high” voltage (+5VDC) in circuit boards.
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Software Remember that analog/digital stuff from yesterday?
The computer understands a digital language. It is a language of 1’s and 0’s… The 1’s are a “high” voltage (+5VDC) in circuit boards. The 0’s are a “low” voltage (0VDC) in circuit boards.
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A Digression…
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in?
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10)
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10.
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: 9173
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = =
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A Digression – Number Systems
What number system do we count in? Decimal (base 10): digits 0-9, place value in powers of 10. For example: = 9 x x x x 100 = 9 x x x x 1 = = = =
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Number Systems What other number systems are there?
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Number Systems What other number systems are there? Binary (base 2)
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Number Systems What other number systems are there? Binary (base 2)
Hexadecimal (base 16) – also called hex
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Number Systems Binary (base 2)
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2 0101
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2 = x 20
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2 = x 20
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2 = x x 20
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2 = x x 20
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2 = x x x 20
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2 = x x x 20
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2 = 0 x x x x 20
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2 = 0 x x x x 20
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2 = 0 x x x x 20 = 0 x x x x 1
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2 = 0 x x x x 20 = 0 x x x x 1
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2 = 0 x x x x 20 = 0 x x x x 1
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2 = 0 x x x x 20 = 0 x x x x 1
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2 = 0 x x x x 20 = 0 x x x x 1
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2 = 0 x x x x 20 = 0 x x x x 1
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2 = 0 x x x x 20 = 0 x x x x 1
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2 = 0 x x x x 20 = 0 x x x x 1
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2 = 0 x x x x 20 = 0 x x x x 1
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2 = 0 x x x x 20 = 0 x x x x 1 =
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Number Systems Binary (base 2): digits 0 & 1, digit place value is a power of 2 = 0 x x x x 20 = 0 x x x x 1 = = 5
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16)
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15)
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) 0xA31C
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = C x 160
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = C x 160
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = x C x 160
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = x C x 160
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = x x C x 160
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = x x C x 160
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = A x x x C x 160
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = A x x x C x 160
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = A x x x C x 160
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = A x x x C x 160 = 10 x x x x 160
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = A x x x C x 160 = 10 x x x x 160 = 10 x x x x 1
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = A x x x C x 160 = 10 x x x x 160 = 10 x x x x 1
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = A x x x C x 160 = 10 x x x x 160 = 10 x x x x 1
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = A x x x C x 160 = 10 x x x x 160 = 10 x x x x 1
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = A x x x C x 160 = 10 x x x x 160 = 10 x x x x 1
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = A x x x C x 160 = 10 x x x x 160 = 10 x x x x 1
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = A x x x C x 160 = 10 x x x x 160 = 10 x x x x 1
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = A x x x C x 160 = 10 x x x x 160 = 10 x x x x 1
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = A x x x C x 160 = 10 x x x x 160 = 10 x x x x 1
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = A x x x C x 160 = 10 x x x x 160 = 10 x x x x 1 = 40,
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Number Systems Hexadecimal (base 16): digits 0-F, digit place value is a power of 16 Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F (A=10, B=11…F=15) A C = A x x x C x 160 = 10 x x x x 160 = 10 x x x x 1 = 40, = 41, 756 (base 10)
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Number Systems So, who cares about this binary or hex stuff???
RGB: 24 bit color (True Color)
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Number Systems So, who cares about this binary or hex stuff???
RGB: 24 bit color (True Color)
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Number Systems So, who cares about this binary or hex stuff???
RGB: 24 bit color (True Color)
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Number Systems So, who cares about this binary or hex stuff???
RGB: 24 bit color (True Color) Web authoring commonly expresses color as 24 bit RGB using hex
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Software We write software in a programming language.
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Software We write software in a programming language.
Translating this programming language into machine language is called compiling.
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Software We write software in a programming language.
Translating this programming language into machine language is called compiling. Edit
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Software We write software in a programming language.
Translating this programming language into machine language is called compiling. Edit, compile (full translation, every last bit of code)
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Software We write software in a programming language.
Translating this programming language into machine language is called compiling. Edit, compile (full translation, every last bit of code), run
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Software We write software in a programming language.
Translating this programming language into machine language is called compiling. Edit, compile (full translation, every last bit of code), run, run
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Software We write software in a programming language.
Translating this programming language into machine language is called compiling. Edit, compile (full translation, every last bit of code), run, run, run, …
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Software We write software in a programming language.
Translating this programming language into machine language is called compiling. Edit, compile (full translation, every last bit of code), run, run, run, … Another way is called interpreting.
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Software We write software in a programming language.
Translating this programming language into machine language is called compiling. Edit, compile (full translation, every last bit of code), run, run, run, … Another way is called interpreting. Edit
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Software We write software in a programming language.
Translating this programming language into machine language is called compiling. Edit, compile (full translation, every last bit of code), run, run, run, … Another way is called interpreting. Edit, run (translate each line of code as you get to it)
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Software We write software in a programming language.
Translating this programming language into machine language is called compiling. Edit, compile (full translation, every last bit of code), run, run, run, … Another way is called interpreting. Edit, run (translate each line of code as you get to it), run (translate each line of code as you get to it)
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Software We write software in a programming language.
Translating this programming language into machine language is called compiling. Edit, compile (full translation, every last bit of code), run, run, run, … Another way is called interpreting. Edit, run (translate each line of code as you get to it), run (translate each line of code as you get to it), run (translate each line of code as you get to it), ...
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Programming Languages
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Programming Languages
Compiled
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Programming Languages
Compiled Higher performance
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Programming Languages
Compiled Higher performance Very comprehensive
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Programming Languages
Compiled Higher performance Very comprehensive “Hardcore” coding
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Programming Languages
Compiled Higher performance Very comprehensive “Hardcore” coding Assembly Language
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Programming Languages
Compiled Higher performance Very comprehensive “Hardcore” coding Assembly Language Basic
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Programming Languages
Compiled Higher performance Very comprehensive “Hardcore” coding Assembly Language Basic Fortran, and Pascal
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Programming Languages
Compiled Higher performance Very comprehensive “Hardcore” coding Assembly Language Basic Fortran, and Pascal C, and C++
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Programming Languages
Compiled Higher performance Very comprehensive “Hardcore” coding Assembly Language Basic Fortran, and Pascal C, and C++ Java
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Programming Languages
Compiled Higher performance Very comprehensive “Hardcore” coding Assembly Language Basic Fortran, and Pascal C, and C++ Java C#
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Scripting Languages
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Scripting Languages Interpreted
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Scripting Languages Interpreted Lower performance
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Scripting Languages Interpreted Lower performance
Very high level language
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Scripting Languages Interpreted Lower performance
Very high level language Rapid prototyping
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Scripting Languages Interpreted Lower performance
Very high level language Rapid prototyping Perl
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Scripting Languages Interpreted Lower performance
Very high level language Rapid prototyping Perl Python
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Scripting Languages Interpreted Lower performance
Very high level language Rapid prototyping Perl Python SQL
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Scripting Languages Interpreted Lower performance
Very high level language Rapid prototyping Perl Python SQL JavaScript
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Scripting Languages Interpreted Lower performance
Very high level language Rapid prototyping Perl Python SQL JavaScript VBScript
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Web/Markup Languages
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Web/Markup Languages Primarily concerned with formatting text, pictures, etc. on the screen.
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Web/Markup Languages Primarily concerned with formatting text, pictures, etc. on the screen. Html – Hypertext Markup Lang
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Web/Markup Languages Primarily concerned with formatting text, pictures, etc. on the screen. Html – Hypertext Markup Lang Xml – eXtensible Markup Lang
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Web/Markup Languages Primarily concerned with formatting text, pictures, etc. on the screen. Html – Hypertext Markup Lang Xml – eXtensible Markup Lang CSS – Cascading Style Sheets
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Web/Markup Languages Primarily concerned with formatting text, pictures, etc. on the screen. Html – Hypertext Markup Lang Xml – eXtensible Markup Lang CSS – Cascading Style Sheets ASP – Active Server Pages
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Web/Markup Languages Primarily concerned with formatting text, pictures, etc. on the screen. Html – Hypertext Markup Lang Xml – eXtensible Markup Lang CSS – Cascading Style Sheets ASP – Active Server Pages PHP – Hypertext Preprocessor
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Designing Software Have you ever looked at something and wondered how it works?
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Designing Software Have you ever looked at something and wondered how it works? You are trying to figure out its “algorithm.”
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Designing Software Have you ever looked at something and wondered how it works? You are trying to figure out its “algorithm.” To write software, you need to come up with its algorithm.
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Assignment
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Assignment Find something at home about which you’ve wondered how it works…
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Assignment Find something at home about which you’ve wondered how it works… Spend 15 minutes thinking about it, trying to figure its algorithm out.
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Assignment Find something at home about which you’ve wondered how it works… Spend 15 minutes thinking about it, trying to figure its algorithm out. Next, go to and look your item up…
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Assignment Find something at home about which you’ve wondered how it works… Spend 15 minutes thinking about it, trying to figure its algorithm out. Next, go to and look your item up… See how close you were!
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Assignment Find something at home about which you’ve wondered how it works… Spend 15 minutes thinking about it, trying to figure its algorithm out. Next, go to and look your item up… See how close you were! Be prepared to share what you found tomorrow in class!
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Clear and Unclear Windows
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