1. Chapter 13 - Genetics Notes
Gregor Mendel

2. UNIT 6
GENETICS

3. DNA = Genes Genes vs. Alleles
Genes are characteristics passed down from the parental generation to the next.
Alleles – the different forms of genes.
Example: The forms for genes for Tall plant & Short plant - the different forms of the genes are the alleles

4. Law of Segregation
This occurs during meiosis when gametes form, the chromosomes get separated.

5. Law of Independent Assortment
The chromosomes are separated from each other randomly.

6. Genes
Principle of Dominance – when one allele (trait) is expressed over another allele.
Example if the organism has a gene for black hair and a gene for brown hair, but the “SEEN” gene is black hair.
Which one is dominant?

7. Dominant vs. Recessive
The dominant trait is expressed over the recessive gene.
Genotype = the genetic makeup = BB or Bb
Phenotype = the “SEEN” trait = black or brown hair color.
The recessive trait is the gene that is only “SEEN” if the dominant gene is not there.
Example: bb = brown rabbit

8. Punnett Square
A simple way to predict the results of crossing two different genotypes: Rr x Rr

9. Pedigree