1. Chapter 13 Vocabulary Words
Mr. Davis, M.Ed.
Biology 2017

2. Amniocentesis
A technique associated with prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid is obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus.
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3. Biotechnology
The manipulation of organisms or their components to produce useful products.
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4. Carrier
An individual who is heterozygous at a given genetic locus for a recessively inherited disorder or trait.
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5. Chorionic Villi Sampling
A technique associated with prenatal diagnosis in which a small sample of fetal portion of the placenta is removed for analysis.
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6. Cloning
The process of producing a clone that is genetically identical to the parental cells from which it was derived.

7. Differentiation
The process by which a cell or group of cells becomes specialized in structure & function.
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8. Down’s Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
A human genetic disease caused by the presence of an extra pair of chromosome 21.
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9. Forensics
The application of scientific methods & techniques related to the investigation of crimes.
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10. Gel Electrophoresis
A technique for separating nucleic acids or proteins on the basis of their size & electrical charge.
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11. Genetic Engineering
The deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material.
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12. Gene Therapy
The introduction of gene into an afflicted individual for therapeutic purposes.
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13. Huntington’s Disease
A human genetic disease caused by a dominant allele. Autosomal dominant mutations. Lack of coordination, jerky body movements, dementia, and symptoms begin between 30 & 50 yrs. old.
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14. Hemophilia
A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele resulting in the absence of the blood clotting factor & proteins.
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15. Insulin
A hormone secreted by pancreatic beta cells that lowers blood glucose levels.
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16. Karyotype
A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size & shape.
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17. Stem-Cell
Unspecialized cell that can produce one identical daughter cell & one more specialized cell that can undergo differentiation.
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18. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
A technique for amplifying DNA in vitro by incubating it with specific primers, DNA polymerase, & Nucleotides.
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19. Pedigree
A diagram of a family tree with symbols showing the occurrence of heritable characteristics in parents & off spring.
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20. PKU (Phenylketonuria)
Inherited disease that causes the inability to metabolize phenylalanine that causes brain & nerve damage.
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21. Polygenic Trait Two or more genes on a single phenotypic trait.
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22. Prenatal Development
Process in which a human embryo and fetus develops during pregnancy from fertilization until birth.
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23. Restriction Enzyme
A enzyme that recognizes & cuts DNA molecules at specific nucleotides sequences.
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24. Recombinant DNA
A DNA molecule made in vitro with segments from different sources.
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25. Selective Breeding
The selective breeding of domesticated plants & animals to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits.
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26. Sex-Linked Trait
Trait that are genetic characteristics determined by genes located on the “X” chromosome.
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27. Sex Chromosomes
A chromosome responsible for determining the sex of an individual.
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28. Sickle Cell Anemia
A recessively inherited human blood disorder in which a single nucleotide change causes hemoglobin not to aggregate.
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29. Transgenic Organism
Organism whose genome contains a gene introduced from another organism.
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30. Ultra sound
A technique that reflects sound waves to produce an image of the fetus.
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31. Plasmid
A small circular double stranded DNA molecule that causes accessory genes to separate from the bacterial chromosome.
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