1. The 1905 Russian Revolution

2. A Taste of Things to Come…
1890’s Russia experiences a surge of state sponsored industrialism.
Count Witte ran the program, seeing industrialism as crucial to Russia’s strength.
His program made Russia the 4th largest producer of steel by 1900.
With industrialization comes factories, an industrial working class with bad living and working conditions.
This usually leads to socialist thought and parties developing.
These movements were underground in Russia due to repression and became Revolutionary.
They wanted to overthrow the tsarist autocracy and establish peasant socialism.
The growing opposition leads to the Russian Revolution of 1905.

3. Nicholas II: The Last Romanov Tsar [r. 1894-1917]

4. The Tsar & His Family

5. Hemophilia & the Tsarevich
Hired Rasputin, “magician” to help with their son’s condition.

6. Causes

7. 1. Early 20c: Russian Social Hierarchy

8. 2. First Stages of Industrialization
An Early Russian Factory

9. 3. Weak Economy
1905 Russian Rubles

10. 4. Extensive Foreign Investments & Influence
Building the Trans-Siberian RR [Economic benefits only in a few regions.]

11. 5. Russo-Japanese War [1904-1905]
Russia had designs on North Korea.
Japan attacked their fleet in Feb 1904, Russia retaliated but was defeated and sued for peace in 1905.
At home people were discontent- the breakdown of the transport system caused by the war led to food shortages in many Russian cities.
The “Yellow Peril”

12. Russo-Japanese War [1904-1905]

13. Russo-Japanese War [1904-1905]

14. Russian & Japanese Soldiers

15. Russia Is Humiliated

16. Treaty of Portsmouth [NH] - 1905
President Theodore Roosevelt Acts as the Peacemaker
[He gets the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts.]

17. 6. Unrest Among the Peasants & Urban Working Poor
Middle Class- business professionals longed for liberal institutions and political system.
Nationalities were dissatisfied with their domination by an ethnic Russian population.
Peasants suffering from lac of land and working and living conditions in the cities.

18. Bloody Sunday January 22, 1905
Protestors went to the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg to present the Tsar with a petition, troops opened fired on them killing hundreds and launching the revolution

19. The Revolution Spreads
Bloody Sunday inspired workers to call strikes and form unions.
Parliamentary government was demanded
Ethnic groups revolted
Peasants burned the houses of landowners
Leading Nicholas II to issue the October Manifesto

20. Russian Cossacks Slaughter The People in Odessa
Anti-Jewish Attacks

21. Results

22. 1. The Tsar’s October Manifesto
October 30, he granted civil liberties and created a legislative body called the Duma, elected directly by a broad electorate. This satisfied middle class moderates, who now supported the government’s suppression of the working class uprisings.

23. 2. The Opening of the Duma: Possible Reforms?
1906
The first two tries were too radical.
The third duma was elected by the richest people in Russia in 1907.

24. The Russian Constitution of 1906
Known as the Fundamental Laws [April 23, 1906].
The autocracy of the Russian Tsar was declared.
The Tsar was supreme over the law, the church, and the Duma.
It confirmed the basic human rights granted by the October Manifesto, BUT made them subordinate to the supremacy of the law.

25. 3. Jewish Refugees Come to America in 1906

26. 4. The Path to October, 1917

27. Why did the 1905 Revolution Fail?