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Cellular Characteristics
Prokaryotes Lack a nucleus 2 Domains: Eukaryotes Posess organelles 1 Domain: 4 Kingdoms
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Prokaryotic Cells Sizes Shapes (3 basic) Arrangements
0.5 – 2µm (average) Shapes (3 basic) Arrangements
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Gram Positive Cell Wall
Thick peptidoglycan Teichoic acids Attachment of viruses Molecular transport
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Gram Negative Cell Wall
Outer lipid membrane Endotoxin Periplasmic space Thin peptidoglycan Enzymes/transporters
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Acid Fast Cell Wall Acid Fast Wall deficient Mycoplasma Some sterols
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Cell Structures — Membrane
Plasma membrane Fluid mosaic Phospholipid bilayer Chemical movement
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Internal Cell Structures
Cytoplasm Ribosomes 70S Nuclear region
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Endospores Clostridium Bacillus Dipicolinic acid
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Cell Structures — External
Flagellae Axial Filaments Pili Fimbriae
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Cell Structures — Glycocalyx
Capsule May limit penetration of some substances Virulence factor Slime Layer
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Eukaryotic Cells Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Mitochondria
Chloroplasts Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Eukaryotic Organelles
Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Peroxisomes Vacuoles
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Cytoskeleton and Motility
Flagellae Cilia Pseudopods
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Cell Walls Fungi Plants/Algae
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Endosymbiotic Theory Evidence: DNA in Mt and chloroplasts
70S ribosomes No mitosis Two membranes
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Movement Across Membranes
Diffusion Osmosis Active transport
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Endo/Exocytosis Endocytosis Exocytosis
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