1. Garlic extract increases non-clipped kidney tubular natriuresis and diuresis in the 2- kidney, 1-clip rat model: Significance in hypertension 
Khaled K. Al-Qattan, Martha Thomson, Muslim Ali 
Pathophysiology 
Volume 24, Issue 4, Pages (December 2017)
DOI: /j.pathophys
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Effect of i.v. administration of RGAE (30mg/100g b.wt.) on the SBP in Nr and 2K-1Cr.
The basal SBP in the 2K-1Cr was significantly higher than in the Nr. Furthermore, the SBP in either group of rats was not affect by RGAE within the first hour after 10min of administration.
SBP: systolic blood pressure; Nr/BL: normal rat/basal level (before RGAE administration); Nr/RGAE: normal rat/raw garlic aqueous extract (effect of RGAE); 2K-1Cr/BL: 2 kidney-1 clip rat/basal level (before RGAE administration); 2K-1Cr/RGAE: 2 kidney-1 clip rat/raw garlic aqueous extract (effect of RGAE); a: significant compared to BL; b: significant compared to Nr/BL; c: significant compared to Nr/RGAE.
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Effect of i.v. administration of RGAE (30mg/100g b.wt.) on the HR in Nr and 2K-1Cr.
The basal HR was significantly higher in the 2K-1Cr compared to the Nr. In addition, the HR in both groups of rats, although mildly however significantly, was less following the administration of RGAE.
HR: heart rate; Nr/BL: normal rat/basal level (before RGAE administration); Nr/RGAE: normal rat/raw garlic aqueous extract (effect of RGAE); 2K-1Cr/BL: 2 kidney-1 clip rat/basal level (before RGAE administration); 2K-1Cr/RGAE: 2 kidney-1 clip rat/raw garlic aqueous extract (effect of RGAE); a: significant compared to BL; b: significant compared to Nr/BL; c: significant compared to Nr/RGAE.
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Effect of i.v. administration of RGAE (30mg/100g b.wt.) on the LK-CC in Nr and 2K-1Cr.
The basal level of LK-CC was significantly higher in the 2K-1Cr, however it was significantly elevated only in the Nr in response to the administration of RGAE.
LK-CC: left kidney cortical circulation; Nr/BL: normal rat/basal level (before RGAE administration); Nr/RGAE: normal rat/raw garlic aqueous extract (effect of RGAE); 2K-1Cr/BL: 2 kidney-1 clip rat/basal level (before RGAE administration); 2K-1Cr/RGAE: 2 kidney-1 clip rat/raw garlic aqueous extract (effect of RGAE); a: significant compared to BL; b: significant compared to Nr/BL.
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Effect of i.v. administration of RGAE (30mg/100g b.wt.) on the LK-GFR in Nr and 2K-1Cr.
The basal LK-GFR was higher in the 2K-1Cr group and in response to the administration of RGAE increased only in the Nr.
LK-GFR: left kidney glomerular filtration rate; Nr: Nr/BL: normal rat/basal level (before i.v. RGAE administration); Nr/RGAE: normal rat/raw garlic aqueous extract (effect); 2K-1Cr/BL: 2 kidney-1 clip rat/basal level (before i.v. RGAE administration); 2K-1Cr/RGAE: 2 kidney-1 clip rat/raw garlic aqueous extract (effect).
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Effect of i.v. administration of RGAE (30mg/100g b.wt.) on the LK-UV in Nr and 2K-1Cr.
The administration of RGAE significantly increased the LK-UV in both groups of rats although the basal urine output was significantly higher in the 2K-1Cr.
LK-UV: left kidney urine volume; Nr/BL: normal rat/basal level (before RGAE administration); Nr/RGAE: normal rat/raw garlic aqueous extract (effect of RGAE); 2K-1Cr/BL: 2 kidney-1 clip rat/basal level (before RGAE administration); 2K-1Cr/RGAE: 2 kidney-1 clip rat/raw garlic aqueous extract (effect of RGAE); a: significant compared to BL; b: significant compared to Nr/BL; c: significant compare to Nr/RGAE.
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
Effect of i.v. RGAE (30mg/100g b.wt.) on the LK-U/Osmo in Nr and 2K-1Cr.
The basal level of LK-U/Osm was significantly lower in the 2K-1Cr and the administration of RGAE significantly reduced the urine osmolarity in both groups of rats.
LK-U/Osm: left kidney urine osmolarity; Nr/BL: normal rat/basal level (before RGAE administration); Nr/RGAE: normal rat/raw garlic aqueous extract (effect of RGAE); 2K-1Cr/BL: 2 kidney-1 clip rat/basal level (before RGAE administration); 2K-1Cr/RGAE: 2 kidney-1 clip rat/raw garlic aqueous extract (effect of RGAE); a: significant compared to BL; b: significant compared to Nr/BL; c: significant compared to Nr/RGAE.
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

8. Fig. 7
Effect of i.v. RGAE (30mg/100g b.wt.) on the P-Osmo in Nr and 2K-1Cr.
The basal plasma osmolarity was similar in both groups of rats. Furthermore, it was not affect by the RGAE administration.
P-Osmo: plasma osmolarity; Nr/BL: normal rat/basal level (before RGAE administration); Nr/RGAE: normal rat/raw garlic aqueous extract (effect of RGAE); 2K-1Cr/BL: 2 kidney-1 clip rat/basal level (before RGAE administration); 2K-1Cr/RGAE: 2 kidney-1 clip rat/raw garlic aqueous extract (effect of RGAE).
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

9. Fig. 8
Effect of i.v. administration of RGAE (30mg/100g b.wt.) on the LK-ClNa in Nr and 2K-1Cr.
Similar to the behavior of the urine output, the LK-ClNa was significantly higher in the 2K-1Cr and again the clearance of sodium significantly increased in both groups of rats in response to RGAE administration.
LK-ClNa: left kidney sodium clearance; normal rat/basal level (before RGAE administration); Nr/RGAE: normal rat/raw garlic aqueous extract (effect of RGAE); 2K-1Cr/BL: 2 kidney-1 clip rat/basal level (before RGAE administration); 2K-1Cr/RGAE: 2 kidney-1 clip rat/raw garlic aqueous extract (effect of RGAE); a: significant compared to BL; b: significant compared to Nr/BL; c: significant compared to Nr/RGAE.
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

10. Fig. 9
Effect of i.v. administration of RGAE (30mg/100g b.wt.) on the LK-FEH2O in Nr and 2K-1Cr.
The LK-FEH2O behavior in both groups was similar to that for LK-UV. The fractional excretion of water was higher in the 2K-1Cr and again was significantly elevated in both groups of rats in response to RGAE administration.
LK-FEH2O: left kidney fractional excretion of water; Nr; Nr/BL: normal rat/basal level (before RGAE administration); Nr/RGAE: normal rat/raw garlic aqueous extract (effect of RGAE); 2K-1Cr/BL: 2 kidney-1 clip rat/basal level (before RGAE administration); 2K-1Cr/RGAE: 2 kidney-1 clip rat/raw garlic aqueous extract (effect of RGAE); a: significant compared to BL; b: significant compared to Nr/BL; c: significant compared to Nr/RGAE.
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

11. Fig. 10
Effect of i.v. administration of RGAE (30mg/100g b.wt.) on the LK-FENa in Nr and 2K-1Cr.
The LK-FENa showed a similar behavior to that of LK-FEH2O where it was significantly higher in the 2K-1C and also increased in both groups of rats in response to RGAE administration.
LK-FENa: left kidney fractional excretion of sodium; Nr/BL: normal rat/basal level (before i.v. RGAE administration); Nr/RGAE: normal rat/raw garlic aqueous extract (effect); 2K-1Cr/BL: 2 kidney-1 clip rat/basal level (before i.v. RGAE administration); 2K-1Cr/RGAE: 2 kidney-1 clip rat/raw garlic aqueous extract (effect); a: significant compared to BL; b: significant compared to Nr/BL; c: significant compared to Nr/RGAE.
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions