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CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

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Presentation on theme: "CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding"— Presentation transcript:

1 CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding
Shape Really Matters 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

2 CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding
Objectives Review Lewis Structures ABnEn 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

3 Review Lewis Structures
I. Lewis Structures of atoms A. The element symbol is drawn to represent the nucleus and core electrons B. The valance electrons are drawn around the symbol—one on each side before doubling up C. Exceptions to the Octet Rule 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

4 Review Lewis Structures
I. Lewis Structures of atoms C. Exceptions to the Octet Rule 1. Most atoms are the most stable with 8 electrons in their valence shell, and will bond until this is reached. 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

5 Review Lewis Structures
I. Lewis Structures of atoms C. Exceptions to the Octet Rule 2. However, hydrogen and helium can only hold 2 electrons in their valence shell. 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

6 Review Lewis Structures
I. Lewis Structures of atoms C. Exceptions to the Octet Rule 3. Boron and Beryllium can be stable with only 6 valence electrons 4. Any element in the third row or below can hold more than 8 in the empty d subshells. 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

7 Review Lewis Structures
I. Lewis Structures of atoms D. Arranging atoms in a Lewis Structure 1. It is often difficult to know in what order to place the atoms.  There are some general rules that can be followed: 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

8 Review Lewis Structures
I. Lewis Structures of atoms a. For molecules with only 2 elements, arrange the atoms symmetrically b. “COOH” is a carboxylic acid (both O’s bond to the C and the H goes on one of the O’s) c. Hydrogen and halogens cannot go in the middle d. Write the remaining atoms in the order they appear in the formula e. Write the hydrogen and halogen atoms around the element they are written next to in the formula 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

9 Review Lewis Structures
I. Lewis Structures of atoms E. Drawing Lewis Structures for covalent compounds 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

10 Review Lewis Structures
I. Lewis Structures of atoms Arrange the atoms as above. Determine the total # of valence electrons for the whole molecule Put one bonding pair between each set of atoms to be bonded. Place remaining electrons in lone pairs, starting with the most electronegative element. If atoms do not have full valence shells, move a lone pair from an adjacent atom in to double, or triple, bond. 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

11 Review Lewis Structures
I. Lewis Structures of atoms F. IE 1. ammonia, NH3 2. Nitrogen atom has 5 valence electrons 3. Hydrogen atom has 1 valence electron . . ∙N∙ ˙ H∙ 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

12 Review Lewis Structures
I. Lewis Structures of atoms F. IE 4. Each of the 3 hydrogen atoms will share its electron with nitrogen to form a bonding pair of electrons (covalent bond) so that each hydrogen atom has a share in 2 valence electrons (electronic configuration of helium) and the nitrogen has a share in 8 valence electrons (electron configuration of neon) Lewis Structure (electron dot diagram) for ammonia 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

13 Review Lewis Structures
I. Lewis Structures of atoms F. IE 5. DONE . . H∙∙N∙∙H ˙ ˙ H 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

14 CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding
ABnEn II. ABnEn A. The shape of a molecule is determined by minimization of the electron clouds that surround a central atom 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

15 CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding
ABnEn II. ABnEn B. The atomic orbitals of the central atom have hybridized, with the hybrid orbitals arranging themselves in the shape that minimizes the repulsions of electrons occupying these hybrid orbitals. 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

16 CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding
ABnEn II. AXnEn or ABnEn C. ABnEn 1. A is the central atom 2. B or X is the ligand or atom bonded to central atom 3. n is the number of ligands bonded to X 4. E is lone pairs 5. n is the number of lone pairs 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

17 CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding
ABnEn II. ABnEn D. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory 1. Bonds are made of electrons and electrons are negative and therefore repel each other. 2. Bonds and lone pairs form as far apart from each other as possible. 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

18 CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding
ABnEn II. ABnEn E. AB2E0 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

19 CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding
ABnEn II. ABnEn F. AB3E0 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

20 CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding
AXnEn II. AXnEn G. AX4 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

21 CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding
AXnEn II. AXnEn H. AX2E1 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

22 CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding
AXnEn II. AXnEn I. AX3E1 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

23 CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding
AXnEn II. AXnEn J. AX2E2 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

24 CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding
AXnEn II. AXnEn K. AX5E0 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

25 CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding
AXnEn II. AXnEn L. AX4E1 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

26 CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding
AXnEn II. AXnEn M. AX3E2 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

27 CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding
AXnEn II. AXnEn N. AX2E3 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

28 CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding
AXnEn II. AXnEn O. AX6E0 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

29 CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding
AXnEn II. AXnEn P. AX5E1 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

30 CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding
AXnEn II. AXnEn Q. AX4E2 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

31 CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding
A Brief Review Review Lewis Structures AXnEn 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

32 Tonight’s Opportunity
CP Lab- Total Valence electrons, Draw Lewis Structures, Determine ABnEn CP Lab- Hybridization, Electrical& Molecular Geometries, Draw Molecular Picture, Determine Bond Angles 1/18/ :23 AM CHM151 C10 C12 Molecular Bonding

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