1. Chapter 1
The human Body

2. Body Organization Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism Homeostasis
Basic unit of structure & function in living things
Tissue
Group of similar cells performing the same function
nervous, epithelial, muscle, connective
Organ
Different tissues working together to perform a job
Organ System
Organs working together to perform a major function
Organism
Anything that can live on its own
Homeostasis
Body systems work together to keep the body in balance

3. Human Body Systems Skeletal Muscular Integumentary
Cardiovascular/circulatory
Respiratory
Digestive
Excretory
Nervous
Endocrine
Lymphatic
Reproductive

4. Skeletal System Functions Protection Storage Movement
Ex. Ribs protect heart & lungs; vertebrae protect spinal cord
Storage
Store minerals that help the nerves & muscles function (calcium, potassium, sodium)
Movement
Skeletal muscle pulls on the bones to produce movement
Blood Cell Formation
Bones are filled with red bone marrow that makes blood cells. Yellow bone marrow is important for white blood cells.
Support

5. Bone is strong, but not heavy when compared to other substances with comparable strength (concrete)
Compact bone
Smooth, outer layer
Spongy bone
Inner bone with open spaces (typically filled with marrow)
Gives bones their strength

6. Muscular system Voluntary muscle Involuntary muscle
Under your control (ex. Skeletal muscle)
Involuntary muscle
Not under your control (ex. Cardiac and smooth muscle)
Muscles work in pairs because they can only pull; never push.
Types of muscle
Flexor – bend a body part
Extensor – straightens a body part

7. Skeletal muscle moves your bones
Cardiac muscle is found in your heart. (note how the cells overlay to improve communication)
Smooth muscle is found in your digestive system and blood vessels

8. How can you increase your strength?
Resistance training – increases the size & strength of skeletal muscles
Aerobic training – strengthens the heart & increases the endurance of the skeletal muscle

9. Integumentary system Skin, Hair, and Nails Skin
Protects – keeps moisture in and foreign particles out
Sense – nerve endings in the skin help you feel what’s around you
Regulates body temperature with help of sweat glands
Removes waste – waste chemicals leave the bloodstream and body in sweat
Epidermis – outer layers of skin
Dead cells filled with the protein keratin
Dermis – beneath the epidermis
Connective tissue that allows skin to stretch and bend without tearing.

10. Hair
Protects
Helps block UV light, blocks dust from eyes & nose, helps regulate body temperature
Nails
Allows tips of digits to stay soft and sensitive to allow for the sense of touch.