1. Thesis Work AP rules on thesis writing…
Do NOT restate the question (not even one verb!)
Though X, ABC, therefore Y
Take a stance
1st paragraph = historical context
Which Absolutism figure had the greatest impact on the era?

2. England in the Age of Revolutions
Unit 6

3. Who cares about English people?
Goal of the Day:
How did events in this era promote the development of the rights of English people?
Who cares about English people?

4. Where are the rights of English People?

5. Some historical context:
Today we are looking at England from about 1625 – 1742 (ish)

6. Charles I James I’s son and heir Believed in divine right of kings
Parliament didn’t like him… so he couldn’t get taxes

7. Petition of Right Presented by Parliament to Charles I
Statement of liberties
The king cannot tax the people without Parliament’s permission
The king cannot declare Martial Law
The king cannot board soldiers in private homes during peacetime
The king cannot imprison a person without a specific charge

8. The result?
Charles I signs the petition but basically ignores it…Parliament gets mad… so Charles I dismisses Parliament.

9. Charles I and the Parliament Hiatus
11 years
Puritans become major opponents of the king
Charles I’s Royal Courts
No jury
No guarantee of civil liberties
Ex: Star Chamber
Puritan: People who objected to the Anglican Church maintaining some Catholic practices; they wanted to further “purify” the English Church

11. Charles I fights the Scots
State religion of Scotland = Presbyterianism
Charles I tries to force Anglicanism on Scots
Fighting ensues!

12. The Result?
Charles I needs money to fight the Scots…so he calls Parliament back…they wanna chat…he says JK no…
A defeat on English soil makes him call them back AGAIN.

13. The Long Parliament
Called together in and met on/off for 20 years
Puritan led H of C
Ended King’s power to dissolve Parliament

14. Meanwhile… in Ireland Rebellion!
The British had treated the Irish brutally

15. CIVIL WAR The Result? Charles I wants to command the army…
Parliament wants to command the army…
CIVIL WAR

16. The English Civil War Cavilers Roundheads
Supported the king (Royalists)
Anglicans, Catholics, nobles
Roundheads
Supported Parliament
Puritans, non- Anglican Protestants

17. Oliver Cromwell Defeated Charles I twice
Abolished the monarchy and House of Lords
Rump Parliament

18. Oliver Cromwell Lord Protectorate
Basically a military dictator
Instrument of Government of 1653
Tried to establish a republican government

19. End of the Protectorate
Cromwell dissolved parliament
Son Richard takes power after he dies…very weak!
English people upset again

20. The Restoration
…of the monarchy
Parliament invites Charles II to rule

21. Cromwell’s Head

22. Charles II
Rebirth of English culture
New Amsterdam from the Dutch

23. Birth or Political Parties
Tories
Usually Anglican
Believed in hereditary monarchy
Whigs
Started with Scottish Presbyterians
Wanted a strong Parliament

24. The Glorious Revolution
Charles II’s Catholic bro (James II) takes the throne
People fear a Catholic monarchy
Parliament Invites James’ Protestant daughter to take the throne
They are…

25. WILLIAM and MarY! William = Dutch
Called “the Glorious Revolution” because it was a bloodless transfer of power

26. Habeas Corpus Act
1679
Protect people who had been arrested against unfair rulings
“you shall have the body”

27. English Bill of Rights - 1689
What it said:
Parliament chooses who leads
Rule of law
No taxation w/o representation
Free speech
Regular citizens can petition the government
No high bail
No cruel/unusual punishment
A declaration of rights by Parliament to William & Mary

28. Act of Union 1707 Scotland and England officially merge
Scottish Parliament abolished

29. Significance of the era?
Parliament is officially stronger than the monarchy
House of Commons becoming more powerful

30. Power of parliament continues to grow
Cabinet
Prime Minister

31. Constitutional Monarchy
Oldest
Model for other nations
Common Law