1. Centro Universitario de la Defensa Escuela Naval Militar
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar
Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

2. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Introduction
Graphic Expression is a subject of the Engineering Mechanical degree.
Teaching of Graphic Expression presents different challenges, mainly the difficulty of spatial visualization.
Spatial visualization is employed to do transformations of 3D reality into 2D views, as required in Graphic Expression and Technical Drawing.
Spatial visualization skills are also important to learn other related subjects of engineering degrees.
In Spanish, education system subjects to develop these skills are non-compulsory in high school and students can access to engineering degrees without an adequate preparation.
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

3. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Introduction
The Defense College (Centro Universitario de la Defensa –CUD –) at the Spanish Naval Academy is in charge of training future Spanish Navy officers in Mechanical Engineering degree.
Graphic Expression is a compulsory and basic subject in the first term of the first course in the Mechanical Engineering degree.
Students at CUD usually have a high level qualifications in their high school studies, but not all of them have previous experience in spatial visualization and their academic results in Graphic Expression is sometimes worse than expected.
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

4. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Introduction
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

5. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Introduction
Students without an adequate level of previous knowledge present learning difficulties in Graphic Expression and other subjects of engineering degrees.
It is required to develop inclusive learning activities to help students with special difficulties and evaluate the success of these activities.
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

6. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Materials and Methods
Planned activities to help students
Level test
Zero course
Group work
3D printer for improving spatial visualization
Planned activities to evaluate the success of prior actions
Analysis of assessments qualifications.
Surveys
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

7. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Materials and Methods
Level test: it is employed to know the students who have previous experience in spatial visualization and concepts of Technical Drawing and Graphic Expression, and to assess the poorer contents. Result: to identify what students present special difficulties in learning.
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

8. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Materials and Methods
Zero course: it is intended to the students identified in level test as individual with special difficulties for learning. It aims to provide basic concepts to these group of students and to train them in necessary skills to follow up the subject. Six hours of duration. Contents:
Formal drawing techniques: perspective drawing, orthographic projection (first angle and third angle projections) and section drawings.
Basic constructions in geometry.
Dihedral system.
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

9. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Materials and Methods
Group work: the Project. the students, listed in alphabetic order, are organized into groups of 5-6, without considering their previous experience or knowledge, and they have to choose a mechanism or simple machine to work in three tasks:
Writing a report: brief introduction, justification, methodology and results.
Elaborating the plans of assembly and views, employing different techniques and graphic projection systems (dihedral, axonometric) and standards of drawing.
Public presentation of the results.
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

10. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Materials and Methods
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

11. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Materials and Methods
3D printer for improving spatial visualization: the students have to convert 3D parts into 2D views using dihedral system, employing section views if necessary, assisted with different sectioned versions of each part, which were created using a 3D printer.
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

12. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Materials and Methods
Partial and final exams: the student are qualified through a set of exams an other assessments in a continuous evaluation. This system allows to grade students, but it is also useful to know the effect of the learning activities in their progress.
First partial exam (10 % of qualification). Drawing standards plans.
Second partial exam (10 % of qualification). Geometry and projection systems.
Final exam (50 % of qualification). Includes all contents of subject.
Others:
Group work project (20 % of qualification).
AutoCAD test (10 % of qualification).
Students who did not pass the continuous evaluation have a second opportunity: Ordinary Exam (100 % of qualification).
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

13. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Materials and Methods
Satisfaction surveys:
Two surveys were employed to know the students opinion about the group work and the use of 3D printer and sectioned printed parts.
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

14. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño Results and discussion
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Results and discussion
Level test:
Any student without previous experience passed the level test. The best mark obtained by this group of students was lower than 3 points (scored over 10).
58% of the students with previous experience passed the level test.
31% of the students with previous experience who did not pass the test obtained a mark between 4 and 5 points.
Dihedral systems is the content with worse results for students.
Students can be classified into two groups with different abilities, and dihedral system was the most difficult content for all of them.
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

15. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño Results and discussion
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Results and discussion
Exam and task results:
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

16. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño Results and discussion
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Results and discussion
Exam and task results:
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

17. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño Results and discussion
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Results and discussion
Exam and task results:
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

18. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño Results and discussion
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Results and discussion
Exam and task results:
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

19. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño Results and discussion
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Results and discussion
Exam and task results:
The results show that
- Inclusive learning activities seem to help students without experience to reduce the great difference in the results obtained from the level test in relation to other students: more than 53% of success in the first round.
The results achieved by students with previous experience continue to be better than the results acquired by students without experience.
One exception: the AutoCAD test showed similar results by both groups, probably because the ability in the use of the software is equally demanding for all of them.
- The analysis of the geometry block achievements allows to identify the most difficult contents. It was possible to observe that the students with experience had better results not only in topics included in high school. The skills acquired in the past resulted to be useful to learn new contents.
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

20. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño Results and discussion
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Results and discussion
Satisfaction surveys:
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

21. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño Results and discussion
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Results and discussion
Satisfaction surveys:
The students seem satisfied with both activities and there are few differences between the opinion of both groups of students (with and without previous experience). The students with more difficulties usually are more satisfied with the learning activities designed.
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018

22. C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Experiences of inclusive teaching of Graphic Expression in the context of Mechanical Engineering
C. Casqueiro, M. Solla, X. Núñez, R. Carreño
Centro Universitario de la Defensa -Escuela Naval Militar, Plaza de España 2, Marín, Spain
Conclusions
The students without previous experience related to Graphic Expression or Technical Drawing had more difficulties to pass the subject.
The Inclusive activities planned in order to assist and improve the learning process and academic results of that students presenting difficulties have demonstrated positive effects.
For further improvements in the teaching-learning methodology, inclusive activities should be designed and implemented focused on the contents of the geometry block, and more particularly on the dihedral system.
Innovative and Creative Education and Teaching International Conference (ICETIC 2018)
Badajoz, 20th-22nd June 2018