1. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
All the nerves and associated cells that are not a part of the brain and the spinal cord
Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia
Sensory (afferent): sense organs to CNS
Motor (efferent): CNS to the muscles or glands

2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Somatic Nervous System: regulates activities that are under conscious control
Autonomic Nervous System: regulates activities that are automatic, or involuntary
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic

4. Example: Autonomic Nervous System

5. Physiological Effects of the Autonomic Nervous System

6. The Senses
Sensory Receptors: located throughout the body but are concentrated in the sense organs
Pain Receptors
Thermoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Photoreceptors

7. Types of Sensory Receptors

8. The Senses Vision Hearing and Balance Smell Taste
Touch and Related Senses

9. Vision
Pupil: small opening in the middle of the iris through which light enters the eye
Lens: transparent object behind the iris that changes shape to help adjust the eye’s focus to see near or distant objects

10. Vision Retina: innermost layer of the eye
Rod: photoreceptor in eye that is extremely sensitive to light
Cone: in the retina of the eye, a photoreceptor that responds to light of different colors, producing color vision

11. Hearing and Balance
Cochlea: fluid-filled part of the inner ear; sends nerve impulses to the brain through the cochlear nerve
Semicircular Canal: one of three structures within the inner ear that help an organisms maintain balance

12. Smell and Taste Both: an ability to detect chemicals
Taste Bud: sense organ that detects the flavor of a substance

13. Touch and Related Senses
Your largest sense organ: SKIN!
Skin has sensory receptors that respond to:
Temperature
Touch
Pain
The greatest density of touch receptors is found on your fingers, toes and face

14. Drugs That Affect The Synapse
Stimulants
Depressants
Cocaine
Opiates
Marijuana
Alcohol
Alcohol and Disease

15. Stimulants Increase the actions regulated by the nervous system
Increase heart rate
Raise blood pressure
Increase breathing rate
Increase the number of neurotransmitters at some synapses in the brain
Examples: amphetamines, cocaine, nictotine, caffeine

16. Depressants Decrease the rate of functions regulated by the brain
Decrease heart rate
Decrease breathing rate
Lower blood pressure
Relax muscles
Relieve tension
Example: alcohol

17. Cocaine
Causes the sudden release in the brain of a neurotransmitter: DOPAMINE
Addiction: uncontrollable craving for more of a drug
Powerful stimulant

18. Cocaine

19. Opiates Opium poppy produces a powerful class of painkillers: opiates
Mimic natural chemicals in the brain known as endorphins, which normally help to overcome sensations of pain

20. Marijuana The most widely abused illegal drug Species of hemp plant
THC: active ingredient (tetrahydrocannabinol)

21. Alcohol One of the most dangerous and abused depressant drugs
Slows down the rate at which the CNS functions
Can lead to the DISEASE: Alcoholism

22. Effects of Blood Alcohol Concentration

23. Psychoactive Drugs of Abuse

24. Drug Abuse
Use of any drug in a way that most doctors would not approve