1. Bacterial Anatomy Composed of a Cell Wall Cell Membrane Cytoplasm
Some bacteria have distinctive structures, such as flagella, capsules, and outer membranes
Capsule: (glycocalyx) an additional (optional) outer covering; protects against drying or harsh chemicals & host body's white blood cells, which would otherwise engulf (eat) it

2. Structure Flagella: whip-like structure used for movement
Pili: (pilus) short, hair-like protein structures found on the surface of some species of bacteria 
Help bacteria hold on to host cells & can be used to transfer genetic material from one bacterium to another

3. Structure Have a single chromosome: DNA in single closed loop
May also have small loops of additional genes: plasmids
Prokaryotes have lots of ribosomes, but no organelles with membranes
Do not have mitochondria or chloroplasts so use cell membranes to carry out cellular respiration or photosynthesis

4. Structure
A spore is a dormant structure that is produced by Gram-positive bacterial species that are exposed to harsh environmental conditions.
Cell is encased in a protective covering.
Makes them VERY hard to kill!
When conditions improve they break open & resume producing new bacteria cells
This bacterium has formed an ENDOSPORE
Difference between “disinfect” and “sterilize”?