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Accessory Structures of the Urinary System
Urinary Day 4 Accessory Structures of the Urinary System
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Ureters Urine flows from collecting ducts to minor calyces major calycesrenal pelvis Urine then drains into the ureters It then drains into the bladderurethra Beyond the minor calyces urine it not modified in volume or in composition
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The body has 2 ureters(1 from each kidney)
The ureters are retroperitoneal like the kidneys The ureters pass under the bladder causing compression of the ureters Prevents backflow when the bladder is full
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Ureter Composition Inner wall layer is a mucous membrane
Prevents the cells from coming in contact with urinepH of urine is very different of that of the cell The middle layer of the ureter is made up of smooth muscle Peristaltic contractions help move urine Hydrostatic pressure and gravity play a role
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Urinary Bladder Hollow muscular organ behind pubic symphysis
Freely movable organ held by folds of peritoneum When empty looks like deflated balloon When full looks like a pear, rises into abdominal cavity
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Bladder Structure Base= trigone small triangular area
Opening to urethra is at the apex of the trigone This is where the ureters drain into the bladder Transistional Epithelium= part of the mucous membrane that line the bladder Able to stretch for inflation/deflation
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Three layers of smooth muscle compose the bladder Sphincters
Opening to urethra=internal urethral sphincter Involuntary Smooth muscle below = external urethral sphincter Somewhat voluntary Skeletal muscle
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Functions of bladder Micturition=the action of expelling urine
Brought about by involuntary and voluntary nerve impulses capacity is ml Stretch receptors send impulses at ml Lack of bladder control=incontinence Under 2 years of age, neurons to the urethral sphincter are not fully developed
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Urethra Tube leading from the floor of the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body. In females – embedded into the front wall of the vagina Urethra discharges urine In males it passes vertically through the prostate Urethra also discharges semen from the body
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Urine 1000-2000 ml per day eliminated per day
Sterile/95% water/5% solutes See charts 25.2 for abnormal diagnosis Volume is influenced by blood pressure, blood concentration temperature diuretics mental state
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