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What are we made of, and what does it do????

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Presentation on theme: "What are we made of, and what does it do????"— Presentation transcript:

1 What are we made of, and what does it do????
The Chemistry of Life What are we made of, and what does it do????

2 Lesson Objectives Discuss the 4 major organic molecules in the body
Understand how chemical reactions can both absorb and produce energy in the body Understand the role chemical bonds play in energy change Discuss the basic properties of enzymes

3 Vocabulary Monomer Polymer Carbohydrate Lipid Amino Acid Nucleotide
Protein Metabolic Pathway Metabolite Vitalism Endergonic Reaction Exergonic Reaction Enzyme

4 The Building Blocks of Life
The vast majority of all organic molecules in life are formed of 4 molecules that fit together in thousands of combinations Amino Acids, Fatty Acids, Carbohydrates, and Nucleotides These building blocks form molecules that fit together like puzzle pieces and work together to generate the processes of life. These are called metabolic pathways…..which when grouped all together, form an organism’s metabolism.

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6 Monomers and Polymers The 4 basic molecules are called monomers
Monomers join together to form long chain molecules called polymers Amino Acid  Proteins Carbohydreates  Polysaccharides Lipids  Fats Nucleotides Nucleic Acid

7 Carboyhydrates Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms
Join together to form polysaccharides Sugars and Starches Energy molecules of the body Excess carbohydrates converted and stored as fats

8 Fatty Acids Forms cell membranes and certain types of tissue
Forms hormone and steroid molecules Secondary energy source for body VERY energy rich Excess stored in adipose cells

9 Nucleotides Contains a sugar ring, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group Nitrogenous base is adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil Forms long chains which are self –replicating Responsible for passing heredity material Responsible for genetic expression

10 Amino Acids Forms very complex protein molecules
Proteins can contain thousands of different amino acids Complex shaping and folding mechanisms dictate function Structural molecules and enzymes

11 Chemical Bonds Creating chemical bonds costs energy
Breaking chemical bonds release energy Both of these can happen simultaneously Some of the energy released from breaking bonds in reactants goes into forming bonds in the products Leftover energy can be used to drive other reactions and continue life processes

12 Chemical Reactions in Life
Exergonic and Endergonic Reactions Biochemical reactions pass energy down a chain Energy is chemical and kinetic, not always thermal Exergonic – Net Energy Release Endergonic – Net Energy Absorption

13 The Breaking and Forming of Bonds
Initially breaking a bond REQUIRES energy Once the bond is BROKEN You may get NO energy from the breaking (endergonic) You may get some energy from the breaking (slightly exergonic) You may get a LOT of energy from the breaking (highly exergonic) The net energy change along a metabolic pathway determines this Lighting a campfire? Digesting food?

14 Enzymes Enzymes are chemical tool used to manage chemical reactions in the body Generally made of proteins Not consumed in the reaction Can be reused


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