1. Myology

2. is science of anatomy and function of muscles
Myology
is science of anatomy and function of muscles

3. Skeletal muscle
is an organ having a typical form and structure, typical vascular and nerve architectonics

4. Skeletal muscle
is composed of striated muscle fibers which are bond by loose connective tissue and covered by a fascia

5. The main ability of a skeletal muscle is contractility Excitability
Conductivity

6. 2 000 capillaries per 1mm2 of muscle
During contraction
a muscle receives
30 times more
blood
than when
it is relaxed

7. The weight of skeletal muscles is about 40% of total body weight

8. Functions of skeletal muscles
Voluntary movements of body
Body shape and body balance
Movements of ribs providing respiration
Abdominal pressure, support for viscera
Movements of eyeball
Speech, swallowing, defecation, urination
Stimulation of brain via afferent impulses
Participation in the work of cardiovascular system (pump and depot)
Heat production

10. Striated muscles constitute
Muscles of head and neck
Muscles of trunk and limbs
Diaphragm
Muscles of tongue, palate, pharynx, larynx, perineum
Muscles of eyeball and middle ear

11. Muscle parts
Proximal tendon (head)
Muscle belly
Distal tendon (tail)

12. Aponeurosis

13. Vastus medialis
Fixed point
(origin)
Mobile point
(insertion)

15. Rectus femoris
Mobile point
Mobile point

16. Origin
(proximally)
Insertion
(distally)

17. Insertion
(laterally)
Origin
(medially)

18. Skeletal muscle classification
According to the body regions:
Muscles of head;
Muscles of neck;
Muscles of limbs
Muscles of trunk:
muscles of back
muscles of chest
muscles of abdomen

19. Muscles
of facial expression
Masticatory muscles

21. Chest
muscles
Back
muscles
Abdominal
muscles

22. Muscles
of shoulder girdle
Brachial
muscles
Antebrachial
muscles
Hand
muscles

23. Gluteal
muscles
Femoral
muscles
Crural
muscles
Foot
muscles

24. Skeletal muscle classification
According to genesis:
Muscles developed from branchial arches;
Muscles developed from trunk myotomes:
autochtonous
trunkopetal
trunkofugal

25. Muscle development

27. (develop in the back and do not move)
Autochtonous muscles
(develop in the back and do not move)
m. erector spine

28. (migrate from the extremities to trunk)
Trunkopetal muscles
(migrate from the extremities to trunk)
m. latissimus dorsi

29. (migrate from the trunk to extremities)
Trunkofugal muscles
(migrate from the trunk to extremities)
m. trapezius
m. romboideus

30. Skeletal muscle classification
According to the function:
Flexor and extensor muscles;
Abductor and adductor muscles;
Rotator muscles (pronator and supinator);
Sphincter and dilator muscles
Synergistic (main and accessory) muscles
Antagonistic muscles

32. Skeletal muscle classification
According to location:
Superficial and deep;
External and internal;
Medial and lateral

33. Skeletal muscle classification
According to the shape:

34. Skeletal muscle shapes
Fusiform
Unipennate
Bipennate
Biceps
Convergent
Circular (sphincter)
Serrate
Multi bellied
Quadrate

35. Skeletal muscle shapes
Fusiform
allow high power

36. Skeletal muscle shapes
Unipennate and bipennate
allow higher power but smaller range of movements
Rectus
femoris

37. Skeletal muscle shapes
Biceps
allows high power
Biceps brachii

38. Skeletal muscle shapes
Convergent
fill wide areas

39. Skeletal muscle shapes
Quadrate
fill wide areas
Quadratus lumborum

40. Skeletal muscle shapes
Sphincters
close some openings
Orbicularis oris

41. Skeletal muscle shapes
Serrate
form walls of chest and abdomen
Skeletal muscle shapes

42. Skeletal muscle classification
According to the relation to synovial joints:
Muscles effecting the movements at only one joint;
Muscles effecting the movements at several joints

44. Skeletal muscle structure
Structural and functional unit of a skeletal muscle is STRIATED MUSCLE FIBRE (MYOCYTE)
A collection of striated muscle fibres innervated by one motor nerve fibre is MYON

45. Skeletal muscle structure
Each striated muscle fiber consists of myofibrils, sarcoplasm with organelles and is surrounded by a sheath
called
sarcolemma

46. Skeletal muscle structure
Myofibrils consists of of myofilaments composed of
contractile
proteins
actin and
myosin

47. Skeletal muscle structure

48. Striated
muscle tissue
Smooth
muscle tissue
Myocardium

49. Red muscle fibers slow-twitch White muscle fibers fast-twitch
Compose muscles
for static work
White muscle fibers
fast-twitch
Compose muscles
For dynamic work

51. endomysium
perimysium
epimysium
(fascia)

52. Accessory muscle apparatus
Fasciae
Fibrous and osseo-fibrous sheaths and canals
Synovial sheaths
Synovial bursae
Trochlea
Sesamoid bones

53. Fasciae 2. Cover muscles and muscle groups separating them
1. Connective tissue
2. Cover muscles and muscle groups separating them
3. Make the support for the muscle belly while it is contracting
4. Decrease friction during muscle contraction
5. Direct muscle contraction

54. Fasciae 6. Prevent displacement of muscles
7. Form canals transmitting vessels and nerves
8. In case of inflammation or bleeding pus and blood spread through the fascial sheaths
9. During local anesthesia, anesthetic solution spreads though the fascial sheaths

55. Fasciae
Superficial fascia
Proper fascia
Internal fascia

56. Superficial fascia
Proper (deep) fascia
Internal fascia

58. Synovial sheaths

59. Synovial bursae

60. Trochlea

61. Sesamoid bones

62. Developmental muscle anomalies
Change of position
Change of size
Change of shape
Absence of some muscles
Appearance of new heads
Absence of some heads