1. Chapter 5 Industrial Revolution
Section 3 Unions

2. Union Video

3. Poor Working conditions
Workers hoped to improve
Wages
$0.22 per hour
Hours
59 hour work weeks
Working conditions
Workers breathing in lent, dust, and toxic fumes
Heavy machines lacking safety devices causing many injuries and deaths

4. Industrial workers Two types Craft workers Common workers
Workers with special skills and training
Machinist, iron molders, stonecutters, shoemaker, printers
Higher wages
Common workers
Few skills
Less wages

5. Trade Unions
Craft workers in the 1830’s began to form trade unions

6. Industrial Unions
Industrial unions attempted to unite in a specialized industry

7. Blacklist
Workers tried to organize a strike or a union were fired and placed on a black list.
This list would inform other companies that they were trouble makers and they would NOT be hired by another employer

8. Lockout When unions were formed, companies fought back with lockouts
A company tool to fight unions demands by refusing to allow employees to enter its facilities to work

9. Anti Union
Some Americans were against unions because they had a perception of being un-American and they were afraid of Marxism

10. The Great Railroad Strike
Involved 80,000 workers
2/3 of the nations workforce
Erupted in violence and resulted in the need to settle disputes more peacefully

11. Knights of Labor Formed in 1869
Used boycotts to pressure employers and used arbitration to reach agreement
Arbitration is when a 3rd party helps workers and employers reach an agreement
Supported
8 hour workdays
Equal pay for women
Ending child labor
Create worker owned factories

12. Knight of Labor
Women and African Americans were included in the Knights of Labor

13. Knights of Labor
The Knights were able to convince Jay Gould, a “Robber Baron” to reverse wage cuts.

14. Haymarket Riots Happened in Chicago
Issue- They wanted an 8 hour workday
Outcome - It hurt the Knights of Labor reputation and decline in membership
Lead by Chicago’s Knights of Labor members
1886

15. Pullman Railroad Strike of 1895
Took place in Chicago
Cause - Pullman laid off workers and cut wages
Outcome – Went to court and an injunction was issued
Lead by Eugene Debs
1893

16. Homestead Strike Location – Homestead Pennsylvania
Issue - Cut wages, a lockout, and the use of replacement workers
Outcome – violent out break, many strikers injured or killed, after 4 months the strike collapsed
Leadership – Carnegie and Henry Frick
1892

17. Injunction A court order stopping a strike
Injunctions made it difficult for early unions to succeed. People lost faith in unions after frequent strikes and interference by authorities.

18. New Unions Emerge
The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was led by Samuel Gompers
The 3 goals of the AFL
Convince companies to recognize unions
Push for closed shop (only hire union workers)
Wanted an 8 hour work day
The AFL discriminated against African Americans and Women

19. Women’s Work Jobs that were considered women’s work were
Domestic servants
Teachers
nurses
Sales clerks
Garment factory
Food processing

20. Marry Harris Jones
Rockefeller labeled her the most dangerous women in America because she was a persuasive speaker that helped organize mine workers

21. The Women’s Trade Union League was established for women only
Fought for
8 hour work day
The creation of a minimum wage
The end of evening work for women
The abolition of child labor