1. Instructor: Prof. Yasser Gowayed
Knowledge based problems
Fibrous composites
Instructor: Prof. Yasser Gowayed
Used with permission

2. Lecture outline Definition of composite materials
Types of composite materials
Fibrous composites
Textile composites

3. Definition
Composite materials are made by mixing two or more distinct materials, having a macroscopically recognizable interface

4. Types of Composite Materials
Type of inclusion
spheres, rods, fibers, flakes
Type of material
- Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC)
- Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC)
- Metal Matrix Composites (MMC)

5. Fibrous Composites
Fibers: strong and flexible
Matrix: rigid and inert

7. Textile Composite (3D XYZ woven)
Fibrous Composites
Laminated Composites
Textile Composite (3D XYZ woven)

9. Terminology – naming convention for laminated composites
Common industry practice to use angles to name layers: 0, 45, -45, 90
Laminates with similar number of like orientations share similar properties
Naming convention:
(0/45/90/90/-45/-0)
(0/45/90)s

10. Terminology – balance and symmetery
Balanced laminate implies that for every + oriented
layer there exists a - oriented layer of the same material
(45,0,90,-45,0,90) balanced, un-symmetric
(45,0,90,-45,90,0,45) unbalanced, symmetric
(10,0,45,-45,-10,30,-30) balanced, un-symmetric
(45,-45,0,90,0,-45,45) balanced, symmetric

11. The rule of mixtures
The density of any composite is the product of the density of its constituents relative to their volume fraction
rc= Vf * rf + Vm* rm
Vf + Vm = 1
rc = composite density
rf = fiber density
rm = matrix density
Vf = volume fraction of fibers
Vm = volume fraction of matrix

12. Composite manufacturing – Compression molding
Fiber/matrix layers

13. Composite manufacturing - Vacuum bagging

14. Composites in Sports

15. Composites in Transportation

16. Composites in Space

17. International Space Station
Altitude: 220 n.m. (nominal)
Inclination: 51.6 degrees
Dimension: 290 ft (L) x 356 ft (W)
Weight:: 940,000 lb
Pressurized Volume: 43,000ft3
Power: 110 kW (total); 45kW (users)
Final
Configuration
2004

18. Textile CMC Turbine Engines
Enabling Propulsion Materials (EPM)
CMC Combustor - Lifing & Sub-element Tests
Textile CMC Turbine Engines
NASA Glenn, Pratt &Whitney and GE