3. Colony
Founder
Reason Founded
Other notes
Massachusetts
 Plymouth- William Bradford
MA Bay- John Winthrop
 religious freedom
Separatist- separate from Church of England. Founded Plymouth colony. Before landed all settlers signed Mayflower Compact in which all colonist will obey and abide by government laws.
Puritans- wanted to reform church. Religiously strict; only white men with property could vote & paid taxes. Anyone who criticize government was banned from colony (i.e. Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson
Connecticut
 Thomas Hooker
 dissatisfied with laws in MA.
 Upset with voting participation in MA. Believed all men should have the right to vote.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut-first written constitution in the American Colonies

4. New Hampshire
 settlers from MA
 Economic opportunities
 founding primarily for farming
Rhode Island
 Roger Williams
& Anne Hutchinson
 religious freedom
Wanted all to worship freely.
Banned from colony due to heresy
Williams- Believed Puritan church had to much power, gov’t & church should be separate, and gov’t should promote peace but not promote one particular religion.
Hutchinson- believed Claimed that God spoke to her and revealed to her which ministers were correct and which wrong
Puritans believed that God only spoke through the Bible; Hutchinson was convicted of heresy and banished

5. Class Society Structure
Life in New England
Soil thin and rocky, grew food only for consumption
Economy: Fishing & Shipbuilding
New Triangular Trade (NE merchants carry products to Caribbean, trade it for sugar & English bills, and then sugar to make rum and buy slaves to trade with southern colonies.
“Town meetings” where the entire community came together and the adult landowning men elected leaders and passed local laws
Women could own/inherit property but once married they had to relinquish right to land to husband.
Puritans were expected to attend church every Sunday and Thursday night for religious education; watch over their neighbors and report immoral behaviors as a religious responsibility to the community
Urban Problems (diseases, pollution, crime)
Class Society Structure
Top- Merchants (build large home and live luxurious lifestyle)
2nd- artisans, carpenters, masons, smiths, tailors, etc.
3rd- common laborers – people with no property and no specific skills, who worked for set wages at other people’s businesses
Last- slaves

7. Colony
Founder
Reason Founded
Other notes
Pennsylvania
 William Penn
 Religious freedom for Quakers
 Quakers believed equality for all men, no single book or written beliefs that all follow
Also believed paid clergy was unnecessary and that every person could know God’s will through his or her inner light
Created a frame of “Brotherly Love” or “Holy Experiment”- all can practice their religion without fear of being persecuted. Men could vote who 50 acres of owned land.
Treated Native Americans fairly.
Delaware
 Swedish Settlers
 Economic opportunities
 Originally Part of PA- Frame of Gov’t attracted all types of settlers especially Swedish. Colony grew too big to control- Penn allowed them to create their own gov’t and granted their own charter

8. New York
 Dutch Colonist
(Peter Stuyvesant)
 Religious freedom & Economic Opportunity
 Henry Hudson- 1st to explore region
Dutch established colony as a trading post. All Religions allowed to buy land
Colony taken by English.
Political affairs dominated by wealthy landowners .
New Jersey
 Lord Berkley
& Sir George Carteret
 started out with NY– England gained control from Dutch—King Charles II gives control to brother James II– gives land to 2 friends.
Granted religious freedom and large land grants to settlers

9. Life in the Middle Colonies
Most Ethnically diverse Colonies. Nationalities included English, Dutch, Swedish, German, Scots-Irish, and French
Allowed to Practice any Religion ( Really bc proprietors were more concerned with colonist buying or renting land)
Small Farms and Grew crops (mostly wheat) but other included corn, barley, pumpkins, rye, potatoes, and peas
Middle Colonies was a free enterprise. Proprietors did not tell colonist what to do, they could decide what will earn them the most money and sell that.
Girls/women- housework, Boys/men-Build, fix, hunt, & raise animals

11. Jamestown 1st permanent settlement London Co. Economic
Colony
Founder
Reason Founded
Other notes
Virginia
Jamestown 1st permanent settlement
 London Co.
 Economic
Struggled due to lack of skills/organization, food, containment water, conflict with natives. John Smith helped transform economy “ No work, No Food”
John Rolfe-Tobacco insured survival.
Charter revoked due to Company going bankrupt because of Native American attacks.
Conflicts- Bacons Rebellion (Class Conflict): Cause- 1)Poor farmers in Back country upset about Indian attacks (want protection) and having to pay higher taxes then they wealthy planter 2) Governor does not deal with problem (conflict of Interest- wants to continue making money off fur trade)
Rebellion ends- Nathaniel Bacon is killed! Capital moved to Richmond.
Effects--- Leads to importation of slaves rather than using indentured servants. Also showed discontent in colonies.
Maryland
Lord Baltimore ( aka Cecil Calvert II)
Religious freedom
King gave his friend Lord Baltimore grant of land north of VA
Proprietary colony.
Established as a refuge for Catholics. However, Protestant outnumbered Catholics.
Religious freedom offered to all Christians ( Maryland Toleration Acts)

12. Carolinas
 8 Lord Proprietors
 Economic opportunities
 2 populations within Colony: 1) Northern- farmers who grew tobacco and moved from VA; 2) Southern- large plantations and grew rice and indigo
Need large workforce so they turn to slaves.
1729, King George made the two parts of Carolina separate royal colonies.
Georgia
 James Ogle Thorpe
 Buffer Zone and economic opportunities for Debtors
Designed to be a buffer colony. Protect American colonies from Spanish FL.
Alternate to English law to help people pay back debts by coming to America and working rather than being put in Jail until debt was repaid.

13. Life in the Southern Colonies
Social Pyramid
Planters – wealthy estate owners who grew cash crops and could afford to own slaves/indentures
Yeomen farmers – free “backcountry” farmers who owned their own land, but lacked the resources to grow cash crops or own slaves
Tenant farmers – free laborers who rented land from others to farm for themselves
Indentured servants – Europeans who had agreed to limited terms of indenture in exchange for their passage to the colonies
Slaves – African or Indians held in involuntary servitude and used as manual labor to work the plantations of the planter class
Plantation system
Few roads and towns built
Land 1st worked by Indentured servants . Many died before contract ended or forced to become Yeoman farmer.
Plantation owners who import indentures, were granted a 50 acre “headright,”
Designed for Rich to get Richer. Wealth=political and economic power

14. The (New) Triangular Trade
New England merchants carried colonial products (lumber, fish, southern cash crops) to the Caribbean sugar plantations
The Caribbean sugar planters would then trade sugar, or simply exchange British bills of exchange (a form of money), for the American goods

15. The (New) Triangular Trade
New England merchants then brought the sugar back home to be distilled into rum and used the bills of exchange to buy British finished goods (or slaves, which could be mostly traded to the southern colonies)

18. Colony Propaganda Poster
Directions

19. Rubric

20. Based on what we learned What is the difference between Virginia and New England?
Motives- Commercial and profit
Economic system- based on farming, tobacco, plantation lifestyle
Population- Young Men, few women/families, indentured servants, and later African Americans
Political structure- planter aristocracy held power, House of Burgess; Women had no rights- Could no vote/own land
Religion in Chesapeake- Anglican
Labor- Indentured Servants
Conflict with Natives- Ex) Bacon’s Rebellion
Motives- Mostly Religious
Settlers- Came as family Unit
Economic System- Soil used for livestock, small lumber, fish, and commercial ventures
Social- No great gap between rich and poor
Political structures- religious hierarchy, with General Meetings exercised power on the local level. Single women could own land. However, women could not vote and the women were expected to be obedient to their husband. Once married, land would transfer to husband.
Puritan was part of every aspect of life.
Indian Relations- helped colonist to survive 1st winter (Plymouth), land competition lead to conflict after abandoning conversion wanted to remove/exterminate Indians. EX) Pequot War, King Phillip’s War.