1. An Epidural Cooling Catheter Protects the Spinal Cord Against Ischemic Injury in Pigs 
Atsuo Mori, MD, Toshihiko Ueda, MD, Takashi Hachiya, MD, Nobuyuki Kabei, PhD, Hideyuki Okano, MD, Ryohei Yozu, MD, Tatsuumi Sasaki, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 80, Issue 5, Pages (November 2005)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Schematic illustration of the continuous cord cooling system and the experimental setting. The epidural cooling catheter, cooling unit, and circulating pump compose the circuit. Distilled water is not infused into the epidural space, but is circulated by the pump as a coolant wholly within the U-shaped lumen of the epidural catheter and the extracorporeal parts of the circuit.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Time course of spinal, epidural, and rectal temperature (temp.). Open diamonds, squares, and circles represent rectal, spinal, and epidural temperatures, respectively, in the cooling (1) group. Filled diamonds, squares, and circles represent rectal, spinal, and epidural temperatures, respectively, in the control (2) group. (X-clamp = cross-clamp.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Photomicrographs of histologic sections of spinal cord from pigs in cooling (A; group 1) and control (B; group 2) groups. (Hematoxylin-eosin, ×100.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions