1. MIS 131 Introduction to Algorithms and Programming 2018/2019 Fall - Chapter 0 -

2. Outline Introduction What Is a Computer? Computer Organization
Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-level Languages
Software Deveopment
Java Programming Language

3. What is a Computer? Computer
Device capable of performing computations and making logical decisions
Computers process data under the control of sets of instructions called computer programs
Hardware
Various devices comprising a computer
Keyboard, screen, mouse, disks, memory, CD-ROM, and processing units
Software
Programs that run on a computer

4. Software System programs Operating systems
Microsoft 7,10, Unix, Lnix, Android, IOS
Utility programs - Compilers and interpreters
C,C++,Java compilers
QBasic interpreter
Application Programs
LOGO - accounting program
SPSS - statistics program
Minecraft – game program
Registration program

5. Six logical units in every computer:
Input unit
Obtains information from input devices (keyboard, mouse)
Output unit
Outputs information (to screen, to printer, to control other devices)
Memory unit
Rapid access, low capacity, stores input information
Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
Performs arithmetic calculations and logic decisions
Central processing unit (CPU)
Supervises and coordinates the other sections of the computer
Secondary storage unit
Cheap, long-term, high-capacity storage
Stores inactive programs

6. Three Types of Programming Languages
Machine languages
Assembly languages
High-level languages

7. Machine languages
Strings of numbers giving machine specific instructions
Natural language of the computer
0-1 corresponding to high or low voltage
Instructions and data are encoded into binary numbers
Example:

8. Assembly languages
English-like abbreviations representing elementary computer operations (translated via assemblers)
Example:
LOAD BASEPA
ADD OVERPAY
STORE GROSSPAY

9. High-level languages Codes similar to everyday English
Use mathematical notations (translated via compilers)
Example:
grossPay = basePay + overTimePay
if (grade < 50)
status = “failed”
while (number <= 10)

10. Onces compiled turn into machine code
grossPay = basePay + overTimePay
one line of a programm
Variables
grossPay
basePay
overTimePay
Onces compiled turn into machine code
after loading each instuction and data has an adress in main memory of the computer
executing the sum instruction
basePay and overTimePay has values they are summed and assigned to grossPay

11. Meaning of computer programming
Problem solving
Problem
programmer

12. machine language compiler interpreter high level languages programmer
QBasic, C,C++,Java,VB.NET
programmer
natural languages
Turkish English

13. What CPU does Reading data or instructions from main memory
Performing aritmetic operations
Addition, multiplication , division,…
Performing logical opertations
Comparing numbers
They are equal, one is lsss then the other
Moving results of operation back to main memory

14. Steps of Software Development
Problem definition
Analysing the problem
Development of algorithm, pseudocode and flow chart
Programming
Testing the program
Deployment of the program

15. The text books Java How to Program, 10th or higher Editions
Late Object Version
by Deitel & Deitel
Pearson
Starting out with Programming Logic and Design
2ed Eddition
by Tony Gaddis

16. Version of Java Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE)
Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME)
J2SE Development Kit (JDK)

17. Two Styles of Programming
Structured programming MIS 131
Introduce structured programming with a pure object oriented language Lava
Object oriended programing MIS 132
Basic object oriented programming
Object oriented capabilities of Java

18. History of Java Java by Sun Microsystems in 1991
team leader: James Gosling
Originally for intelligent consumer-electronic devices
Then used for creating Web pages with dynamic content
Now also used for:
Develop large-scale enterprise applications
Enhance WWW server functionality
Provide applications for consumer devices (cell phones, etc.)

19. MIS 131 web page: misprivate.boun.edu.tr/badur/MIS131 You can find:
Lecture slides
Requirements: weights
Exam schedule
Anounsements
Homework sets
Old quizes and exam questions