1. #9 Ch 4 S 4 Study Guide Details: Read & Notes Ch 4 S 4
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4. Reconstruction & Racial Discrimination
Chapter 4
Section 4
Reconstruction
&
Racial Discrimination

5. Standards Addressed
11.1.4: Examine the effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction and of the industrial revolution, including demographic shifts and the emergence in the late nineteenth century of the United States as a world power.
11.2.2: Describe the changing landscape, including the growth of cities linked by industry and trade, and the development of cities divided according to race, ethnicity, and class.

6. Standards Addressed Cont.
11.5.2: Analyze the international and domestic events, interests, and philosophies that prompted attacks on civil liberties, including the Palmer Raids, Marcus Garvey's "back-to-Africa" movement, the Ku Klux Klan, and immigration quotas and the responses of organizations such as the American Civil Liberties Union, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Anti-Defamation League to those attacks.

7. Objectives:
Following lecture and reading of this section, students will be able to:
Explain the differing ideas Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress had about Reconstruction
Summarize economic conditions in the postwar south
Describe the obstacles African Americans faced
Identify reasons for the collapse of congressional Reconstruction

8. The Politics of Reconstruction
Reconstruction- period of time after the Civil War in which the U.S. began to rebuild
Term used to describe process federal gov’t used to readmit defeated confederate states to the union.
Congress, Presidents Lincoln and Johnson all held differing views on how Reconstruction should be handled.

9. Plans for Reconstruction
Lincoln
Johnson
Congress
Favored leniency
10% Plan
Gov’t pardon all confederates (except criminals & high ranking officials) who swore allegiance to the Union.
Once 10% of those who voted in 1860 took this oath, the state could form a new gov’t w/senators and reps.
4 states moved toward readmission this way.
Radical Republicans angered by Lincoln’s 10% plan.
Wanted to destroy all political power of former slaveholders and wanted African Americans to be given full citizenship and the right to vote.
Assassinated before he could fully implement his plan.
Differed just slightly from Lincoln’s.
Tried to break the planters’ power by excluding high-ranking Confederates and wealthy southern landowners from taking the oath needed for voting privileges.
Pardoned 13,000 former Confederates because “white men needed to manage the south.”
7 remaining states agreed to Johnson’s plan
Republicans see weaknesses in Johnson’s plan.
Vetoed Civil Rights Act of 1866 that would give full citizenship to blacks and prohibit discrimination based on race.
Republicans angered by Johnson’s actions tried to shift Reconstruction power from the executive branch to the legislative branch.
Passed 14th amendment overriding Johnson’s veto of the CRA of 1866 and the Freedmen’s Bureau Act.
14th Am.- Prevented states from denying rights and privileges to any U.S. Citizen.
Refused to recognize state gov’ts readmitted by Lincoln & Johnson.
Forced ex-Confederate states to allow African-American men to vote & to ratify 14th Am. to be readmitted to the Union.

10. Lincoln’s Plan Favored leniency 10% Plan
Gov’t pardon all confederates (except criminals & high ranking officials) who swore allegiance to the Union.
Once 10% of those who voted in 1860 took this oath, the state could form a new gov’t w/senators and reps.
4 states moved toward readmission this way.
Radical Republicans angered by Lincoln’s 10% plan.
Wanted to destroy all political power of former slaveholders and wanted African Americans to be given full citizenship and the right to vote.
Assassinated before he could fully implement his plan.

11. Johnson’s Plan Differed just slightly from Lincoln’s plan
Tried to break the planters’ power by excluding high-ranking Confederates and wealthy southern landowners from taking the oath needed for voting privileges
Pardoned 13,000 former Confederates because “white men needed to manage the south.”
7 remaining states agreed to Johnson’s plan
Republicans see weaknesses in Johnson’s plan.
Vetoed Civil Rights Act of 1866 that would give full citizenship to blacks and prohibit discrimination based on race.

12. Congressional Plan
Republicans angered by Johnson’s actions tried to shift Reconstruction power from the executive branch to the legislative branch.
Passed 14th amendment overriding Johnson’s veto of the CRA of 1866 and the Freedmen’s Bureau Act.
14th Am.- Prevented states from denying rights and privileges to any U.S. Citizen.
Refused to recognize state gov’ts readmitted by Lincoln & Johnson.
Forced ex-Confederate states to allow African-American men to vote & to ratify 14th Am. to be readmitted to the Union.

13. The Politics of Reconstruction cont.
Johnson impeached on a technicality because republicans hated him.
Removed a cabinet member appointed by Lincoln
Senate did not convict so he remained in office.
The 15th Am. passed; no person can be kept from voting because of “race, color, or previous servitude.”

14. Reconstructing Society
A devastated economy, dropped property values, and a drastically reduced population make rebuilding the South difficult.
Southern Republicans-scalawags, carpetbaggers, and African Americans- have very different goals, especially regarding civil rights equality, leading to a lack of unity in the republican party.
Scalawags- White Southerners that joined Republican Party. Generally small farmers who wanted to improve their economic position and keep former wealthy planters to regain power.
Carpetbaggers- Northerners who moved to the south after the war because of low cost.

15. Reconstructing Society cont.
Former slaves test new freedoms, form churches, schools, and take an active role in politics.
Freed slaves want their own land
Promised 40 acres and a mule by General Sherman
Republicans do not want to take land
Economic necessity forces many former slaves and poor whites to become sharecroppers

16. The Collapse of Reconstruction
The Ku Klux Klan terrorizes African Americans
Killed 20,000 men, women, and children.
Congress passed Enforcement Acts to help stop KKK violence.
Supreme Court decisions undermine the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments
Democrats regain control of the South
Reconstruction ends without much real progress against discrimination.

17. Timeline to This Point In U.S. History
Colonies
Revolutionary War
Industry built in North
Plantation economy in south
Timeline to This Point In U.S. History
War with Mexico
New States added to Union with Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Debate between Northern & Southern states over expansion of slavery into new states.
States secede from Union
Civil War between Northern and Southern States
Union (North) wins Civil War
Union begins to readmit states to Union (Reconstruction)
Reconstruction ends without much real progress

18. Checking for Understanding
Period of time after the Civil War in which the U.S. began to rebuild
Reconstruction
What upset Republican’s about Johnson’s plans for Reconstruction?
Unfair to African-Americans
Who did southerners like less: Scalawags or Carpetbaggers; Why?
Carpetbaggers, Northerners who moved to the south after the war because of low cost to take advantage.

19. Democratic Party Establishes Control
State
Seceded from Union
Joined Confederacy
Readmitted into Union
Democratic Party Establishes Control
South Carolina
December 20, 1860
February 4, 1861
July 9, 1868
April 11, 1877
Mississippi
January 9, 1861
February 23, 1870
January 4, 1876
Florida
January 10, 1861
June 25, 1868
January 2, 1877
Alabama
January 11, 1861
July 14, 1868
November 16, 1874
Georgia
January 19, 1861
July 15, 1870
November 1, 1871
Louisiana
January 26, 1861
June 25 or July 9, 1868
Texas
February 1, 1861
March 2, 1861
March 30, 1870
January 14, 1873
Virginia
April 17, 1861
May 7, 1861
January 26, 1870
October 5, 1869
Arkansas
May 6, 1861
May 18, 1861
June 22, 1868
November 10, 1874
North Carolina
May 21, 1861
May 16, 1861
July 4, 1868
November 28, 1876
Tennessee
June 8, 1861
July 24, 1866
October 4, 1869

20. #9 Ch 4 S 4 Details: Read & Notes Ch 4 S 4
Ch 4 S 4 Study Guide #s 1-11 (11)