1. Civil War Causes Slavery/sectionalism
Compromise of Fugitive Slave Act
John Brown’s acts of violence
Caning of Charles Sumner
Election of Lincoln in 1860
7 States secede from the Union
Attack on Fort Sumter

2. Effects More than 600,000 are dead Slavery is abolished
South is destroyed physically and emotionally
America is united.... technically

3. Reconstruction

4. Reconstruction 1865-1877 Monumental task of.....
physical rebuilding of the South and......
Reuniting the nation....healing the wounds

5. Lincoln’s plan
Amnesty- full pardon to all southerners who swore allegiance to the U.S. and accepted the end of slavery
high ranking Confederate leaders were not pardoned
10% plan- states could be re-admitted into the union if only 10% swore allegiance to the U.S.

6. Lincoln’s assassination
April 14th, Good Friday
Lincoln is shot in the balcony of Ford’s Theatre while watching a play (Our American Cousin)
John Wilkes Booth jumps onto the stage, breaks his leg, escapes out the back, and is hunted down for 2 weeks by the army....he is shot and killed inside a barn

7. Andrew Johnson VP Andrew Johnson becomes President former slave owner
extremely lenient to the South
he removed blacks troops from the South and allowed Confederate leaders to run their state governments

8. 13th Amendment
1865
After much political maneuvering, Lincoln is able to pass...
13th Amendment
Slavery is abolished

9. “40 acres and a mule”
General Sherman’s plan to redistribute plantation land to former slaves(Jan 1865)
President Johnson reversed it

10. Black codes laws limiting the freedom of former slaves
Mississippi recycled its old slave codes and called them “freedman codes”
can’t vote
can’t own guns
can’t sit on juries
can’t travel without permits

11. Thaddeus Stevens Leader of the Radical Republicans
wanted to punish the South

12. Congressional Reconstruction
Radical vs Moderate Republicans
Radicals were in favor of dramatic change
former slaves must have the right to vote and
should be given land from plantations
Moderates did not want to give former slaves any major rights including the right to vote

13. Freedman’s Bureau
Congress set up this organization to help former slaves
Freedman’s Bureau helped with:
food, shelter
jobs
schools
hospitals

17. Civil Rights Act of 1866
declared anyone born in the US was a citizen with full civil rights
President Johnson vetoed it
Congress overrode his veto

18. Reconstruction Acts
Congress divided up the south into 5 military districts
Union army would occupy the south to enforce order
Forced states to ratify the 14th Amendment

20. 14th Amendment
July 9th, 1868
all person’s born in the US were full citizens
due process
equal protection

21. 15th Amendment
Feb 3rd, 1870
the right to vote cannot be discriminated on the basis of race

22. Impeachment
1868 Johnson is impeached for violating the Tenure of Office Act
he escapes removal from office by 1 vote

23. Election of 1868
Ulysses S. Grant defeats Horatio Seymour to become the 18th President

24. Grant’s Terms
Fought hard to enforce civil rights for former slaves
Several scandals plagued his tenure in office

25. Resistance to Reconstruction
Ku Klux Klan
Founded in Tennessee in 1866
Mostly died out by the 1870’s, but made a comeback in early 20th century

26. Voter disenfranchisement
Literacy tests
Poll tax
Intimidation

27. 1860’s

28. 1960’s

29. Election of 1876
Rutherford B. Hayes defeats Samuel Tilden

31. Compromise of 1877

34. Compromise of 1877
Southern Democrats agree to let Hayes become President if………..
Federal troops are removed from the South
Reconstruction is effectively over!!!
Was it successful?

35. Hiram Revels
1st African American to serve in the US Congress
1870

36. Republican Governments in the South
Former slaves were elected to office during Reconstruction, but after 1877 politics went back to antebellum ways
After North Carolina Representative George White’s departure from the House of Representatives in March 1901, no African American served in the U.S. Congress for nearly three decades

37. Racist Political Cartoon Depicted Republican Governments in the South

38. “Carpetbaggers:” Northern migrants who moved South to help freedmen, or exploit economic & political opportunities
“Scalawags:” White southern Republicans

40. The Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow Laws: Segregated Blacks & Whites in Public Places
Plessey v. Ferguson (1896)... “Separate but Equal” does not violate the 14th Amendment

41. Lynching

42. Sharecropping
Sharecropping: Landowner provided land, seeds, tools, and lent $ for expenses in exchange for a portion of the crop
Tenant Farming: Renting land
Both systems usually trapped poor farmers (white & black)

43. Race & Sharecropping

44. Percentage of Sharecropped Farms

45. Homestead Act -1862
Offered 160 acres of free land to anyone willing to farm it for at least 5 years

46. Great Plains- homestead plots