1. Conformity
Unit 2

2. Definition Conformity = Conventional behavior To be similar / the same
Behavior governed by prevailing attitudes and opinions

3. Social Control Internalization
Process by which a norm becomes part of an individual’s personality

4. Social Control Sanctions
Rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms
Positive vs. Negative Sanctions
Positive = reward
Negative = punishment

5. Social Control Formal vs. Informal Sanctions
b. Informal Sanctions: Spontaneous expressions given by members of group
Positive: Applause, compliments, smiles
Negative: Frowns, scolding, insults, being ignored
a. Formal Sanctions: Consequences applied by officials or organizations
Positive: Good grades, pay raises, awards/medals
Negative: Speeding ticket, detention, imprisonment, low grades

6. Subcultures
Groups that share many elements of mainstream culture but maintain their own distinctive customs, values, norms, and lifestyles
Based on:
Age, gender, wealth, sexual preference, education, occupation, ethnicity, music, etc.
Examples:
The Amish, residents of Chinatown, soldiers in the military, Gypsies, etc.

8. Countercultures
Deliberately and consciously opposed to certain central beliefs or attitudes of the mainstream culture
Organize because of:
Inequalities of class, race, age, gender, etc.
Examples:
Punk, Gang members, Hippies

9. Table Talk
What are the differences between formal and informal sanctions?
What is the difference between a sub culture and a counter culture?