1. 5.2 Imperialism & Nation-State Formation
I. Industrialized powers established transoceanic empires

2. J. Dutch in South Africa; will have to move as the British gained more territory through things like the Boer War K. series of agreements between Europeans and the Qing that favored the Europeans L. meeting in 1884; headed by Bismarck; split up Africa in order to maintain European balance of power in order to avoid war; after the meeting , Europeans took over all of Africa except Ethiopia

3. Types of Imperialism Colonial Imperialism Political Imperialism
16th &17th Century
Political Imperialism
US in Hawaii
GB in India
Africa
Economic Imperialism
US in Latin America; Everyone in China
Social-cultural Imperialism
British were really good at this

4. Forms of Imperialism pg. 432
Tropical Dependency
Less appealing to European settlers
Goal was exploitation of natural resources
Little European settlers, lots of natives
Problems with control of the natives, getting old elites to cooperate
Settlement Colonies
More appealing to Europeans
Goals were settlement & exploitation of natural resources
Many European settlers with varying degrees of native populations
Fewer natives=less problems

5. 5.2.I. Industrialized powers established transoceanic empires
A. States with existing colonies (such as the British in India or the Dutch in Indonesia) strengthened their control over these colonies

6. British in India EIC After death of Aurangzeb, Mughals were in decline
Gained permission to built forts
After death of Aurangzeb, Mughals were in decline
Locals proclaimed independence
EIC expanded trading posts
Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta
EIC gained permission to rule from Mughals and locals

7. British in India Used Sepoys to control militarily
1857-Sepoy Rebellion/ Mutiny
Rebels had too many different goals
Allowed British to establish direct imperial rule in India

9. Cawnpore Sepoys killed: British destroyed Sepoys with fresh troops
60 soldiers
180 civilians
375 women and children
British destroyed Sepoys with fresh troops

10. British Imperial Rule New office of Secretary of State to India
Civil Service staff of British
Exams
Reforms
Restructured land holdings
Railways and telegraphs
Canals, harbors, irrigation systems
English style schools
Suppressed customs contrary to British laws (sati)

11. Indian Nationalism INC Upper class Hindus
Founded with British approval in 1885

12. I. Industrialized powers established transoceanic empires

13. 5.2.I. Industrialized powers established transoceanic empires
B. European states as well as the Americans and the Japanese, established empires throughout Asia and the Pacific, while the Spanish and Portuguese influence declined.

16. 5.2.I. Industrialized powers established transoceanic empires
C. European States used both warfare and diplomacy to establish empires in Africa.

17. Berlin Conference
Wanting to maintain the balance of power in Europe, Otto Von Bismarck invited European powers & the US to Berlin to split up Africa
14 states participated
Last 3 months
At the time 80% of Africa was still under local control
They split Africa into 50 new states, splitting tribes and putting tribes at war into the same states

18. The Congo Controlled by Leopold II of Belgium
It was his personally-not Belgium’s
Sent American journalist Henry Stanley to make treaties with the natives
Natives had to recognize Leopold II as their king
Used the area for rubber resources and labor
Area was along the Congo River which provided transportation for goods

19. The Congo
4-8 million died during Leopold’s control of the area due to working conditions and malnutrition
He used military force to get rubber plantations to meet quotas of production
The Belgian gov’t took control of the area in 1908 after there was protest about how Leopold was treating the natives

20. 5.2.I. Industrialized powers established transoceanic empires
D. In some parts of their empires, Europeans established settler colonies.

21. South Africa Dutch East India Company
Established Cape Town in 1625
Dutch descendants first called Boers then Afrikaners
Often fought with natives over land
British took over during Napoleonic Wars
Abolished slavery-Afrikaners not happy
Great Trek
Afrikaners migrated to the east

23. Results of the Great Trek
Created:
Republic of Natal
Annexed by the British in 1843
Orange Free State in 1854
South African Republic in 1860
The Transvaal

25. Boer War (South African War)
Discovery of diamonds and gold in Afrikaners’ regions
Natives served on both sides
Afrikaners lost

26. 5.2.I. Industrialized powers established transoceanic empires
E. In other parts of the world, industrialized states practiced economic imperialism.

27. Opium Trade The Chinese weren’t exporting anything
British wanted to gain back some silver bullion
They started selling opium that was grown in India
People got addicted and the British got silver

28. Opium War Trade in Opium was illegal
Caused a loss of bullion for China and caused a social problem
Chinese started to try to control the trade
British started losing money
British declared war on China in 1839

29. Treaty of Nanjing 1842 British received Hong Kong (until 1997)
Five new ports were opened to British trade
Extraterritoriality was given to the British
Extended to other countries
By Chinese ports were open to Europeans