1. Pentoxifylline protects against loss of function and renal interstitial fibrosis in chronic experimental partial ureteral obstruction 
Hongbao Ma, Steven Lee, Yan Yang, Puneet Bedi, Shyan-Yih Chou 
Pathophysiology 
Volume 25, Issue 4, Pages (December 2018)
DOI: /j.pathophys
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2. Fig. 1
Representative photomicrographs of trichrome-stained renal histology (X 400, scale bar 100 μm).
(A) Sham-operated rat. No fibrosis was seen in the tubulointerstitial compartment. Connective tissue was seen surrounding the normal vascular structure.
(B) At day 14 of partial ureteral obstruction (UUO) and receiving vehicle solution only. Fibrosis was visible in the tubulointerstitial compartment.
(C) At day 14 of UUO treated with pentoxifylline (PTF). Fibrosis was reduced slightly in the tubulointerstitial compartment.
(D) At day 30 of UUO and receiving vehicle solution only. Intense tubulointerstitial fibrosis was visible.
(E) At day 30 of UUO treated with PTF. Fibrosis was substantially reduced in the tubulointerstitial compartment.
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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3. Fig. 2
Expression of alpha-smooth muscle (α-SMA) by immunoblotting in sham-operated rats, 14-day partial ureteral obstruction (PUO) rats receiving vehicle solution and 14-day PUO rats treated with pentoxifylline (PTF).
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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4. Fig. 3
Expression of alpha-smooth muscle (α-SMA) by immunoblotting in 30-day partial ureteral obstruction (PUO) rats receiving vehicle solution and 14-day PUO rats treated with pentoxifylline (PTF).
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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