1. Peasants, Trade & Cities
Chapter 10 Lesson 2

2. New Agriculture Climate Changed after 1000 AD Technology
Water & Wind
Made from Iron
Carruca – heavy wheeled plow
Drawn by 6-8 oxen
Must be bought by town – shared animals as well
Three-field crop rotation
First – Fall – grains (rye/wheat)
Second – Spring – grains (oats /barley) and veg (peas/beans)
Third - fallow

3. Manorial System
Manor – Agriculture estate that a lord ran and peasants worked
Serf – peasants legally bound to the manor
Given labor services, pay rents, subject to the lord
Given land to support themselves
Serfs worked about 3 days for the lord
Paid rent by giving a share of the product they raised
Paid for use of common pasturelands, streams, ponds and woodlands

5. Manorial System Serf’s could not leave the manor without permission
Could be tried in the lord’s court
Land that supported the serf could not be easily taken away
Fixed responsibilities
Protection given by the Lord

6. Housing Simple Wood frames – cracks filled with straw
Roofs were thatched
Single room
Some had 2
One for cooking, eating, other activities
One for sleeping

7. Serf’s Life Aug/Sept – Harvest time October – Plant winter crops
November – Slaughter of excess livestock
Feb/March – Spring crops
Early Spring – relaxed time – weeding and sheepherding
Diet consisted of what they grew on their personal garden.
Worked the Lords and personal land
Bread

8. Medieval Cities Trade Settled near castles
Protection
Along trade routes
Merchants and artisans became knows as bourgeoisie
Large medieval trading city would have 5,000 people
Trades people bought trading rights from Lords or Kings
1100 – buy and sell property, freedom from military service, written law of freedom, freedom for a escaped serves after living a year and a day in town

10. Medieval cities
Men who were born or lived in the city a long time were citizens
Eventually made local governments
City Council – judges, city official who passed laws
Elections rigged so rich and powerful families were elected
Surrounded by expensive stone walls
Guilds

11. Medieval woman Supervise the household Prepare meals Raise children
Manage family’s finances
Helped husbands in trade
Sometimes took over trade if husband dies