1. The Middle Ages

2. England (and the world) would forever be changed…
After the Norman Invasion
England (and the world) would forever be changed…
This was due to one man…

3. William, Duke of Normandy
also known as
William the Conqueror

4. His Claim to the English Throne…
William, Duke of Normandy claimed the English throne
Promised to him by King Edward the Confessor
However, William’s half brother, Harold, was crowned after Edward’s death.

5. William, cont.
Learned that his throne had been taken; began preparing for invasion.
Attacks England at Hastings; defeats the Anglo-Saxons and Harold
William crowned King William I on Christmas Day in 1066

6. William’s Reign Ruled England for 21 years
Fused a strong French government and military with culture of Anglo-Saxons
William wanted to rule the Anglo-Saxons; not eliminate them.
Because of this, England had, and still has, a culture influenced by both Norman and Anglo-Saxon culture and language.

7. The Feudal System William introduced the Feudal System
system based on landholding by a lord or king, rented land in return for allegiance and military service
It was a caste system
(class structure determined by birth)

8. Feudalism King: all powerful overlord and landowner
Lord: noble who had power to grant land to vassals;
Vassal: aristocratic dependent tenant who received land from a lord in exchange for military service.
Knight: armored warrior; vassals provided their lords with military service; the larger the land grant, the more knights a Vassal had to supply the king
Serf: peasant who worked on, and were bound to vassals’ lands.

9. Protection and Military Service
Money and knights
Land
Protection and Military Service
Land
Land
Food and
services
and protection

10. The Feudal System, cont.
The Feudal System led to many disputes over property; in 1086 an inventory of every piece of property (this included the number or cattle, chickens, etc. that a man owned) was created
This inventory was the Domesday Book.
Settled disputes over property.

11. (this book still exists in London)
Domesday, cont.
Title represented both William’s judgment of his subject’s financial worth and God’s judgment on their moral worth
First time in European History that taxes were based on what an individual owned.
(this book still exists in London)

12. The Domesday Book

13. Knighthood Boys trained at early age for knighthood
(began around 7 years).
Training usually took place in a home other than their own for stricter environment.
Parents had to be wealthy enough
to buy horse, armor, and
weapons.

14. Knighthood, cont. Knights often sons of noblemen
Instructed in good manners, social skills, such as singing, dancing, and playing chess
Learned to use a sword and shield
At about age of 14, a boy would become a squire (personal assistant to a knight)
When training was completed, was ceremonially tapped on the shoulder; youth was a man with the title “Sir” and had all the rights of the warrior caste

15. The Burden of Armor Some suits weighed up to 120 pounds
The armor could be as fatal as the enemy.
Death from suffocation,
heart failure, and drowning were
as common as wounds from the enemy.
Battles usually scheduled to allow knights time to dress

16. 1. Helm (Helmet)
2. Gorget
3. Pauldrons
4. Spaulders
5. Chainmaille (Gussets)
6. Vambrace
7. Gauntlets
8. Breastplate
9. Faulds (Tassets)
10. Kneecup
11. Greaves
12. Sabatons (Solorets)
13. Coif
14. Arming Cap
15. Gambeson
16. Haubergeon (Hauberk)

17. Code of Chivalry
The word chivalry comes from the French chevalier, meaning “horseman” or “knight.”
the ethical code of conduct by which knights were supposedly guided
military prowess (skill), valor (courage) and loyalty to God and the knight’s feudal lord
called for courtesy toward enemies and generosity toward the sick and oppressed, widows, and other disadvantaged people

18. Chivalry, cont.
The chivalric code combined Christian virtues with military virtues
The rules included:
1) Loyalty to overlord
2) Rules of warfare
3) Adoration of a lady (typically older, married, and of higher social status than the knight)

20. Courtly Love
Court: the extended household and all those who regularly attended on the ruler
The ideal form of courtly love was non-sexual
A knight might wear his lady’s colors in battle or compose poetry / song
Lady always was “pure and out of reach”
This lady represented the ideal.
This relationship was modeled on the feudal relationship between a knight and his liege lord (serves his courtly lady with the same obedience and loyalty)

21. Courtly Love, cont.
She is in complete control of the love relationship, while he owes her obedience and submission
The knight's love for the lady inspires him to do great deeds, in order to be worthy of her love or to win her favor.

22. Courtly Love, cont.
Poets and story tellers used idea of courtly love for plots.
literary model of courtly love may have been invented to provide young men with a model for appropriate behavior.
taught bored young knights to control their desires and to channel their energy into socially useful behavior

23. Medieval Literature
Chivalry and Courtly Love brought new literature, the Romance.
A narrative that traces adventures of a brave knight or other hero; has to overcome danger for the love of a noble lady or some other high ideal/ morals
Idealized heroes fight and always conquer evil during their quest Examples: King Arthur, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
A romantic hero is larger than life figure, usually of mysterious origins, who performs extraordinary deeds with the aid of magic.

24. Literature, cont. The Ballad background:
Medieval population grew; larger number of people began living in towns and cities; developed the city classes - lower, middle and upper middle; a “people’s art” began to emerge.
City people were free, not tied to
land; their point of view expressed in ballads

25. Literature, cont.
Ballads are songs, or songlike poems that tell a story in a rhythmic language. There is a regular rhythm and rhyme, language is simple and direct.
Every ballad includes certain features:
*tragic subject matter
*omitted details,
*supernatural events
* a refrain, or a repeated word, line, or group of lines.
From French word meaning “dancing song”

26. And the Assignment Is… Alone/pairs/groups of 3: You have a choice:
1) Create a Recruitment Sign for joining the knighthood (using the requirements listed in your notes) OR
2) Create a Rules of Courtly Love (dating) in the 21st Century poster
**Must be school appropriate rules of dating or you will receive an automatic zero **
When finished, continue working on your personal Coat of Arms (due at the beginning of class tomorrow)

27. Individual Coat of Arms
Obtain a Coat of Arms handout from the podium
Create your own COA including:
An important place
A hobby/activity
An animal
Other symbol
Write your personal motto in the ribbon at the top
Must have some color
Write a paragraph to explain your selections (there are five) on the back of your COA.