1. School Counselors as Consultants
The Transformed School Counselor
Chapter 12
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

3. The Effectiveness of Consultation in the Schools
Consultation is a problem-solving approach with the adults in a student’s life who are in a position to affect positive change.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

4. The Effectiveness of Consultation in the Schools Continued Triadic-Dependent Consultation Model
Views the consultant as an expert in child behavior
The goal of the consultant as expert is to increase the skills, knowledge, and objectivity of the consultee so that the consultee can more successfully help the consultant implement an intervention plan.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

5. The Effectiveness of Consultation in the Schools Continued Collaborative Consultation Model
Maintains an equal partnership among all parties involved and includes shared responsibility for outcomes and accountability
Attention is placed on relationship building, communication skills, problem-solving approaches and accountability for results.
This model is far more effective than the expert model because people are more likely to implement change when they are actively involved in creating solutions.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

6. The Effectiveness of Consultation in the Schools Continued Consultation as a Powerful Tool
Allows counselors to have a far-reaching, lasting impact on the school’s internal and external community members
Extends the counselor’s reach to more students by working with the adults in a student’s life who can make a major impact on student’s academic, career, and social/emotional life.
Works with parents, teachers, and administrators to benefit a student or remove a barrier that is impeding progress for a student
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

7. The Effectiveness of Consultation in the Schools Continued Consultation as an Effective Use of Time
The rule of parsimony refers to an efficient use of time such that school counselors spend their time where they can impact the most students.
In a successful consultation, knowledge gained can be transferred to new situations, ideas germinate into plans that can benefit many more students, and professional skill is enhanced.
Direct service delivery, such as individual counseling, reaches one student at a time, while consultation indirectly impacts many students by working with the adults in students’ lives.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

8. The Effectiveness of Consultation in the Schools Continued The Consultant as Facilitator
Consultation should focus on an equal partnership, but on many occasions the school counselor will have greater knowledge and be capable of a larger contribution to problem-solving. Nevertheless…
In an equal partnership, the counselor should focus on the facilitative role rather than the expert role.
In an equal partnership, equal problem-solving effort is expected and helping others feel empowered is one of the goals.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

10. The Consultant as Facilitator Continued
Internal consultees may include:
Classroom teacher
Administrator
Media specialist
Special education teacher
School nurse
External consultees may include:
Parents
Agency personnel
Mentor
Tutor
Community health care provider
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

11. Consulting With Teachers
Teachers as consultees fall into five categories:
1. The confident teacher –has a history of being successful with students and reaches out to the school counselor to serve as a resource for agencies, tutors, mentors, and as a sounding board
2. The questioning teacher – skilled teacher who seeks a new voice and new strategies for effecting change in students
3. The dependent teacher – often less skilled at behavior and classroom management and may be struggling or overwhelmed
4. The absentee teacher – never calls on the school counselor because of a belief that he or she should be able to solve problems independently or because of refusal to admit that any problems exist
5. The dominating teacher – demands your undivided attention, may try to monopolize your time, and may deplete your energy
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

13. PREPARE for Effective Consultation with Teachers
PREPARE is an acronym for Philosophy, Relationships, Equity of power, Professional development, Accessibility, Resources, and Evaluate.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

14. PREPARE for Effective Consultation with Teachers
Philosophy
School counselors establish a philosophy of consultation that matches the mission of their schools.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

15. PREPARE for Effective Consultation with Teachers
Relationships – guiding principles for building relationships with teachers
Appreciate and understand how demanding and difficult it is to be a teacher.
Follow through on commitments made to consultees.
Recognize the harm to your role if you are viewed as untrustworthy.
Provide a welcoming atmosphere and demeanor.
Demonstrate genuine respect and a belief that the consultee can effect change.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

16. PREPARE for Effective Consultation with Teachers
Equity of Power – a non-hierarchical relationship between the consultant and the consultee
Help your consultee feel empowered to be an equal partner or dominant force in solving problems.
Treat consultee with patience.
Avoid a condescending tone or behavior.
Solicit consultee’s suggestions.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

17. PREPARE for Effective Consultation with Teachers
Professional Development – enhances your own skills and supports the growth and development of faculty members and administrators
Professional organizations, literature, conferences, and in-services will contribute to professional development.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

18. PREPARE for Effective Consultation with Teachers
Accessibility
Be visible in the halls, cafeteria, and classrooms.
Send a note to teachers and other consultees that tells them you are there to help.
Post your daily, weekly, and monthly schedule on your door.
Let it be known that you are an advocate for students, parents, and teachers.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

19. PREPARE for Effective Consultation with Teachers
Resources – brokering and managing resources increases the effectiveness of the consultation role
A consultant who brokers resources brings in many agencies, business partners, and parents to deliver strategies.
“deliver” ? strategies
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

20. PREPARE for Effective Consultation with Teachers
Evaluate
Evaluate your effectiveness as a consultant by establishing baseline data with which to compare results.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

22. Consulting With Parents
Outcomes of educational consultation are likely to be more successful when there is an effective parent-educator partnership.
Student performance is enhanced by a strong relationship between parents and the school.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

23. PARTNER for Effective Conferences With Parents
PARTNER is an acronym for a seven-step approach to facilitating success of conferences with parents:
  Planning for success, Acknowledging parents as partners, Rapport building, Teaming to identify the problem, Negotiating a plan of action, Ending effectively, Regrouping
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

24. PARTNER for Effective Conferences With Parents
Planning for Success
Think positive thoughts about the student.
Keep the number of people in the room to a minimum.
Dress professionally, but in a way that helps parents identify with you.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

25. PARTNER for Effective Conferences With Parents
Acknowledging Parents as Partners
Convey confidence in having the parent as a partner.
Understand that parents are doing the best they can.
Recognize the parents’ rights to be the guiding voice in their children’s lives.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

26. PARTNER for Effective Conferences With Parents
Rapport Building
Begin with positives remarks about the student.
Use facilitation skills to defuse anger.
Avoid absolute statements.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

27. PARTNER for Effective Conferences With Parents
Teaming to Identify the Problem
Encourage parents to talk about how they see their child’s progress in school.
Collaborate with the parent to recognize and acknowledge the shared goal of removing barriers.
Avoid fixed ideas about how the problem should be solved.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

28. PARTNER for Effective Conferences With Parents
Negotiating a Plan of Action
Search for congruence with the parents in defining the problem to be addressed.
Develop a plan of action in measurable goals, not in the form of problems.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

29. PARTNER for Effective Conferences With Parents
Ending Effectively
Summarize the conference and check for understanding.
Process what was said in the conference.
End with affirmations about the potential for making a difference.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

30. PARTNER for Effective Conferences With Parents
Regroup
Monitor interventions during the allotted time and adjust the interventions as needed.
Be willing to try alternative plans.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

32. The Action Plan
The mechanics of developing and delivering an action plan are presented as The Four Ds:
1. Data gathering
2. Devising the action plan
3. Delivering the action plan
4. Debriefing
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

33. The Action Plan
1. Data Gathering Data collection helps participants in the consultation process make better decisions by accurately identifying the problem so that resources and energy brought to the table are really addressing the critical issues.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

34. The Action Plan 1. Data Gathering, continued…
10 basic approaches to Data Gathering:
Educational record review
Interviewing the teacher
Interviewing the parent
Interviewing other educators
Interviewing the student(s)
Interviewing other helping professionals
Student observation
Systems observation
Educational assessment
Psychological assessment
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

35. The Action Plan
2. Devising the Action Plan After the facts have been collected by all parties involved to accurately determine the student’s needs, the consultant and consultees will start to devise an action plan.
3. Delivering the Action Plan All stakeholders are required to set timelines and strategies that they will implement.
4. Debriefing Determine whether the action plan was effective and what revisions, if any, are necessary.
Application of the Four Ds in the Case of Susan
What’s this Case of Susan thing?
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

37. Special Education (SE) and Consultation
Response to Intervention (RtI) is a program in which educators make data-driven decisions to provide high-quality instruction for all students.
Under the provisions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), regular education teachers are responsible for teaching SE students mainstreamed into their classroom and are entitled to receiving additional help.
The school counselor as a consultant can be a contributor to the support for regular education teachers who have SE students.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

38. Special Education (SE) and Consultation
Large numbers of students are being placed into SE who, with appropriate interventions, could be very successful in the regular education classroom.
Many school districts are now requiring Pre-referral Teams, which provide consultation and collaboration regarding a student’s problem for the purpose of decreasing the number of students referred into SE and ensuring that when a student is referred for SE, the referral is appropriate.
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

39. Parent Education
School counselors educate parents by providing training, opportunities, programs, and materials.
Parent education goals
Helping parents achieve better parent-child communication
Providing information that parents need in order to support and work with their child on academic issues
Strengthening the home and school partnership
Helping parents understand child development and behavior management with programs such as Parent Effectiveness Training (PET) and Systemic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP)
©2012 Cengage Learning. These materials are designed for classroom use and can be used for educational purposes only. Reproduction for commercial use is in violation of copyright laws.

40. Think about consultation!
That’s all for today.
Think about consultation!