2. Mini Quiz 1) Defense mechanisms, according to Dollard and Miller, are
internal drive states that cause aggression.
affective mechanisms for coping with stress caused by the approach-avoidance conflict
cognitive behaviors that are negatively reinforced because they remove anxiety.
d. mechanisms used by the ego to defend against anxiety produced by psychic conflict.

3. Mini Quiz
2) As a conflicted goal gets closer, the tendency to ______________ goal becomes stronger than the corresponding tendency to ________________ goal.
a. avoid a negative; approach a positive
b. approach a negative; approach a positive
c. approach a negative; avoid a positive
d. avoid a positive; avoid a negative

4. Mini Quiz Dollard and Miller’s theory is called
A) Social Learning Theory
B) Reinforcement Theory
C) Theory and Conflict
D) Bio-Social Theory of Development

5. Mini Quiz
4) According to Dollard and Miller – the behavior you do in a given situation can be predicted using your. . .
A) Motivational needs
B) Conflicts in your UCS mind
C) Personality Traits
D) Habit Hierarchy

6. Mini Quiz 5) How many more classes will be canceled this semester?
A) none
B) 1
C) more than 2
D) All of them – last class!

8. Theories Dollard and Miller’s Social Learning Theory
Rotter’s Social Learning Theory
Bandura’s Social Learning Theory

9. Rotter’s Social Learning Theory

10. Elements Behavior Potential (BP)
The probability that you will perform the behavior in question
Higher the BP, more likely you will do it!

11. Elements Expectancy (E)
A persons belief about how likely a behavior will bring about a goal

12. Expectancy It is a belief
Objective odds matter less then subjective odds
Lottery!

13. Questionnaire
LC questionnaire

14. Expectancy General Expectancy Like a trait
High GE (Internal locus of control)
Energetic, highly motivated
Low GE (External locus of control)
Depressed, low motivation

15. Elements Reinforcement Value (RV) The subjective benefit of a reward
How much do you really care about the outcome?

16. Reinforcement Value How much do you care about getting that date?
How much do you care if you are rejected?
How much do you care about doing school work instead?
Note: RV is a relative term!

17. Putting it all together
How do you predict BP?

18. Putting it all together
How do you predict BP?
Psychological Situation
These values change as a result of the situation

19. Will you dance or take notes?
FUN: E = .01
GOOD GRADES: E = .50
Dance:
FUN: E = .30
GOOD GRADES: E = .01 RV
Fun = .30
Good Grades = .90

20. Will you dance or take notes?
FUN: E = BP = .003
GOOD GRADES: E = BP = .45
Dance:
FUN: E = .30 BP = .009
GOOD GRADES: E = .01 BP = .003 RV
Fun = .30
Good Grades = .90

21. Will you dance or take notes?
FUN: E = .01
GOOD GRADES: E = .20
Dance:
FUN: E = .80
GOOD GRADES: E = .001 RV
Fun = .95
Good Grades = .05

22. Will you dance or take notes?
FUN: E = .01 BP = .009
GOOD GRADES: E = .20 BP = .01
Dance:
FUN: E = .80 BP = .72
GOOD GRADES: E = .01 BP = .009 RV
Fun = .95
Good Grades = .05

23. Imagine
High RV
Low E
What might happen?

24. John wants a date really bad!
Doesn’t think he can get one.

25. Maladjustment Excessive time spent fantasizing
Failure to develop social relationships
Failure to develop social skills
Self-fulfilling prophecy

26. Imagine
Two behaviors have high RV?
What might happen?

27. John wants to dedicate his life to the ladies!
John wants to dedicate his life to police work!

28. Maladjustment Feel conflict Erratic and unpredictable behavior
Neither may be accomplished

29. Therapy Focuses on the conscious and rational mind 1) What can you do?
2) What do you want?
Importance of minimal goal level
Importance of prioritizing desires

31. Bandura’s Social Learning Theory
Very similar to Rotter

32. Example
Your computer skills

33. Bandura’s Social Learning Theory
Efficacy Expectation
Like Rotter’s expectancies, but different
Rotter
The perceived probability that if you do something you will attain your goal
Bandura
The perceived probability that you can just do something

34. Efficacy Expectations
Do you think you can touch this snake?
High efficacy
You can do it!
Low efficacy
You can not do it!

35. Efficacy Expectations
A belief about self
What a person thinks they are capable of doing
Best psychological state is a match between
What a person thinks they can do
What a person can actually do

36. Example
Do you like math?
Why?
“Girls are bad at math”

37. Example Increase her efficacy!
How do you increase a girl’s confidence in math?
1) Show her other girls doing math
2) Have her do it herself to show her she can do math!
Increase her efficacy!

38. Observation Learning Vicarious / observational learning
Bobo Doll studies
Children saw either
A) doll attacked
B) doll not attacked

39. Observation Learning Children who saw doll attacked
All attacked Bobo
Children who did not see doll attacked
None attacked Bobo
Reinforcement or punishment of model also effected children’s behavior