1. Lecture: Dr Abdisalan Artan

2.  is the process used to prevent pregnancy and plan for the birth of children at the most optimum time. Commonly referred to as birth control, family planning can be accomplished using a variety of methods.  Artificial Family Planning Method –any unnatural technique that is used to prevent conception.

3.  Barriers - Barrier methods stop sperm from entering the vagina.

4.  Best  Best Implants IUD female vasectomy sterilization  Batter  Batter Injectables lam Pills  Good  Good Male female fertility condoms condom awereness methods  Least  Least Whithdrawal sparmicides Types of methods

5. What is it? How does it work? - a thin rubber barrier - fits over erect penis and catches sperm when the man ejaculates - best used with lubricant (water based) - DO NOT USE oil - based lubricant or some anti thrush Creams

6. Chance of getting pregnant  typically 15% but 2% if used perfectly every time

8.  Advantages easy to use, easy to carry used only when needed helps protect against STIs available from Family Planning clinics and other health care providers can buy from pubs, clubs, pharmacies and many shops cheaper on prescription

9.  Disadvantages some people are allergic to rubber must be put on when penis is erect and before sexual intercourse some people say it reduces sexual feeling can slip off or break

10. What is it? How does it work? a thin polyurethane barrier goes into the vagina and prevents sperm entering the woman’s body

12.  Chance of getting pregnant typically 21% but 5% if used perfectly

13.  Advantages helps protect against STIs women can use it easy to use

14.  Disadvantages relatively expensive can be noisy can get them from the internet need to insert every time

15. What is it? How does it work? dome shaped silicone barrier fits inside vagina over the cervix used with spermicide jelly that kills sperm

17. Chance of getting pregnant typically 16% but can be 6% if using spermicide and following instructions perfectly

18.  Advantages can be put in several hours before sexual intercourse used only when needed helps protect against STIs

19.  Disadvantages first fitting should be by an experienced nurse or doctor some women find it hard to put in and take out spermicide may irritate vagina or penis must be left in place at least 6 hours after sexual intercourse

21. –is a contraceptive that lasts for a long time. You don’t need to remember it every day or even every month.

22. What is it? How does it work? Small device put inside the womb by a health care professional. Prevents sperm from fertilizing the egg. Thickens mucus in cervix making it hard for sperm to enter the womb.

24. Chance of getting pregnant less than 1%

25.  Advantages can stay in place for 5 years or more - fit and forget doesn’t interfere with sexual Intercourse IUD – lighter periods or no period at all, suitable for women with heavy periods

26.  Disadvantages needs to be inserted by an experienced doctor or nurse IUD may cause heavier periods or cramping IUS may cause irregular bleeding in the first few months

27.  What is it? How does it work? An injection of progestogen Stops ovaries from releasing an egg each month

29.  Depo Provera is a contraceptive injection containing progestogen. It is commonly referred to as “the injection” or "DP".  Progestogen is similar to one of the hormones produced naturally by a woman's ovaries. The injection is given every 12 weeks

30.  Chance of getting pregnant typically 3% but less than 1% if next injection given on time

31.  Advantages one injection lasts 12 weeks doesn’t interfere with sexual intercourse usually no periods useful for women who can’t take combined pill

32.  Disadvantages irregular bleeding, no periods or occasional heavy bleeding periods and fertility take an average of 6 months to return after stopping the injection may have change in weight

33. What is it? How does it work? pill made of two hormones, oestrogen and progestogen stops ovaries from releasing an egg each month

35.  levonorgestrel is a hormonal medication which is used in a number of birth control methods. In pill form, sold under the brand name Plan B among others, it is useful within 120 hours as emergency birth control.  It becomes less effective the longer after sex and only works before pregnancy has occurred.

36.  Chance of getting pregnant typically 8% but less than 1% if used perfectly

37.  Advantages simple and easy to take doesn’t interfere with sexual intercourse periods usually regular, shorter, lighter and less painful less chance of cancer of lining of the womb or ovaries can be taken up to menopause if a healthy non smoker

38.  Disadvantages should not be used by women over 35 who smoke must remember to take it daily may have irregular bleeding

39.  What is it? How does it work?.The skin in your upper arm by a doctor or nurse.Once the implant is in place, you don't have to think about it again for 3 years..It can be useful for women who can't use contraception that contains oestrogen.

41.  Chance of getting pregnant  The implant is more than 99% effective.

42.  Advantages  it works for 3 years  it doesn't interrupt sex  it's an option if you can't use oestrogen-based contraception, such as the combined contraceptive pill, contraceptive patch or vaginal ring  it's safe to use while you're breastfeeding  your fertility will return to normal as soon as the implant is taken out  it may reduce heavy periods or painful periods

43.  Disadvantages  you may experience temporary side effects during the first few months, like headaches, nausea, breast tenderness and mood swings  your periods may be irregular or stop altogether  you may get acne or your acne might get worse  you'll need a small procedure to have it fitted and removed  it doesn't protect you against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so you may need to use additional contraception (such as condoms) as well

44. What is it? How does it work? NuvaRing contains two hormones, oestrogen and progestogen Sits inside vagina Stops ovaries from releasing an egg each month

46.  Chance of getting pregnant typically 8% but less than 1% if used perfectly

47.  Advantages Lasts for 3-4 weeks Useful for those who forget pills

48.  These are operations which make it impossible for a man or a woman to have any children.

49.  Disadvantages Should not be used by women over 35 who smoke

50.  What is it? How does it work? Vasectomy – male tubes cut to stop the sperm getting to the penis tubal ligation – clips put on female tubes to stop the egg getting to the uterus

52.  Chance of getting pregnant less than 1%

53.  Advantages once only permanent

54.  Disadvantages not easily reversible requires an operation may have short term side effects, eg. pain, bruising

55. What is it? How does It work?  Pulling out (also known as withdrawal) is a way to prevent pregnancy by keeping semen away from the vagina.  Withdrawal works best when you use another birth control method with it, like a condom.