1. ART AND AESTHETICS: The Artistic Enterprise in Pre/Postcolonial African Societies

2. Art and Aesthetics Defined Concepts of Beauty Two Manifestations of Beauty: Outer Beauty –Ewa Ode Inner BeautyEwa Inu Iwa– Being, Character, site of Personality/Spirituality

3. Artistic Criteria Ephebism Youthfulness Shinning Smoothness Luminosity Emotional Proportion Social Proportion Completeness Functionality Polyrhythms The HeadOri as a site of spirituality, shrine, and altar 2 manifestations: Outer HeadOri ode Inner HeadOri inu

4. Head of an Ooni, Ife, Nigeria 11 th /12 th century Leaded Brass

5. Fragment of an Executioner Ife, Nigeria 11 th /13 th century Terracotta

6. Lajuwa, royal usurper Terra-cotta, Ife, Yoruba, 12/15 th cent. (odo) Ephebism: relative youthfulness

7. Ooni, Leaded brass, Appr.18.in. Ife, Yoruba, 14/15 th cent. (Pipe) completeness & emotional proportion

8. Sango Shrine Sculptures, Yoruba, Nigeria Wood, 20 th cent. -aesthetics of social proportion

9. Bronze Plaque, Appr.21.in. Benin, Nigeria, 16/17 th cent. Aesthetics of social proportions

10. Sowei Headdress, Sande society, (Gola, Vai Peoples) Liberia Sierra Leone Wood, pigment 20 th century Relative luminosity/shinning smoothness

11. Kente, hand-woven fabric, Ghana, 20 th. Cent, aesthetics of polyrhythms

12. Linguist staff, Wood, gold leaf, 20 th Cent. Metaphor of leadership

13. Fire spitter mask (kponugu), Senufo, Ivory Coast Wood, 20 th century art as metaphor

14. Edan Ogboni, Yoruba, Nigeria Bronze 19 th century Metaphor for cooperation And coexistence