1. Stereotypes © 2008, John B. Pryor Illinois State University

2. List some characteristics you might think that these women would possess....... 1 2

3. List some characteristics you might think that these men would possess....... 2 3 1

4. Concepts of beauty vary from culture to culture Woman from Western Europe Zulu Woman Masai Woman - Kenya Indian Woman Thai Dancer

5. 20s30s 40s50s60s 70s80s90s MissAmericaacross the decades Concepts of beauty vary somewhat over history...

6. Miss America 2007 Your ideal?

7. What facial features are found most attractive? Langolis, Roggman, & Musselman (1994) Evolutionary pressures favor human attributes close to the population Evolutionary pressures favor human attributes close to the population Cognitive processes favor prototypical category members Cognitive processes favor prototypical category members Average-is-attractive hypothesis Average-is-attractive hypothesis Computer average faces are judged as more attractive Computer average faces are judged as more attractive

8. What is beautiful is good!! Physically attractive people are perceived as more: sensitve, modest, poised, interesting, strong, sociable, kind, warm, socially adept, and sexually responsive

9. Beauty & Gender Stereotypes Handsome men are perceived as more masculine Beautiful women are perceived as more feminine

10. Method from Snyder, Tanke, & Berscheid Males & females isolated in separate rooms Both fill out general information questionnaire - Polaroid picture take of male Experimenter takes up questionnaires attaches either attractive or unattractive photo of a female to her questionnaire detaches male photo

11. Method from Snyder, Tanke, & Berscheid Experimenter exchanges male/female questionnaires Male rates his expectations of female Male & female interact over telephone Male rates his impressions of female Independent judges rate their impressions of the females without hearing what the male said

12. Females Interpretation How expectations influence behavior Males Expectation Males Behavior Males Interpretation Females Behavior after Darley & Fazio

13. Describe yourself 1.Not at all independent Very independent 0..........1..........2..........3..........4 2.Not at all emotional Very emotional 0..........1..........2..........3..........4 3.Very passive Very active 0..........1..........2..........3..........4

14. 4. Not at all able Able to devote self to devote self to devote self completely to others to others 0..........1..........2..........3..........4 5. Very rough Very gentle 0..........1..........2..........3..........4 Describe yourself

15. 6. Not at all helpful Very helpful to others to others 0..........1..........2..........3..........4 7. Not at all competitive Very competitive 0..........1..........2..........3..........4 8.Not at all kind Very kind 0..........1..........2..........3..........4 Describe yourself

16. 9.Not at all aware of Very aware of feelings of others 0..........1..........2..........3..........4 10. Has difficulty Can make making decisions decisions easily 0..........1..........2..........3..........4 11. Gives up Never gives very easily up easily 0..........1..........2..........3..........4 Describe yourself

17. 12.Not at all Very self- self- confident confident 0..........1..........2..........3..........4 13. Feels very inferior Feels very superior 0..........1..........2..........3..........4 14. Not at all Very understanding of others of others 0..........1..........2..........3..........4 Describe yourself

18. 15. Very cold Very warm in relations in relations with others 0..........1..........2..........3..........4 16. Goes to pieces Stands up well under pressure under pressure 0..........1..........2..........3..........4 Describe yourself

19. Masculine Scale: Items 1,3,7,10,11,12,13,16 Feminine Scale: Items 2,4,5,6,8,9,14,15 MEDIANS MalesFemales Masculine Scale 2321 Feminine Scale 2225 Scoring the PAQ

20. Androgynous Traditional Feminine Traditional Masculine Undifferentiated Above Median for Masculine Below Median for Masculine Above Median for Feminine Above Median for Feminine Below Median for Feminine Below Median for Feminine

22. Androgyny: definition - having characteristics of both sexes Greek roots: andr --man gyne --woman

23. Experimental Design from Andersen & Bem