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Organizing and Supporting your Speech
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Basic Speech Structure: Introduction Body Conclusion
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Working outlines
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Formal Outline: Typed with consistent font and style
Consistent set of symbols to identify structure Follows the rule of division Contains Complete Sentences Do not use questions for points Follow Required Guidelines and Format See Provided Example
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From Outline to Speaking Notes
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Speaking Notes Do not use your formal outline Brief key word outline
3 X 5 cards; or speaker’s notes May want to put quotes, First/ last sentence on cards, major statistics, and notes to yourself (slow down, smile, movement, breathe)
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Develop Each Part of the Speech
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Body – 70-80% Develop the Body before fleshing out the Introduction of Conclusion 1st, organize material in a logical order:
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Organizing Speeches Time patterns/Chronological Space Patterns/Spatial
Topic Patterns/Topical Problem/Solution Patterns Cause-Effect Patterns Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
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2nd, Insert Transitions and Internal Summaries
words and/or phrases which keep the speech flowing smoothly Internal Summaries Longer than a transition Includes a preview and review
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Now, move on to the Introduction
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Introduction – 10-15% Should fulfill four functions:
Includes an Attention Getter: piques the audience interest and gets them to listen Should be the very first thing you say before you reveal your topic Create a connection between speaker and audience
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Has a clearly stated Thesis
A creative statement with one idea that introduces your topic and focuses the attention of the audience on your main goal Offers a Preview A statement that tells the audience about the main things you will discuss in the speech
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Finally, wrap it all up in the Conclusion
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Conclusion – 10-15% Provide a Brakelight Recap Main Points/Relevance
Wrap up with a Clincher Statement (memory aid or support device are great to use here) Use Clear Polished Ending
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Giving your Speech Substance
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SUPPORTING MATERIAL data you use to back up your points
Includes: Support Devices, Visual Aids, and Vocal Citations Support Devices: This is basically a way of presenting your research using these methods. Examples Anecdotes Analogies Quotes Statistics Definitions Compare/Contrast Narration
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Establish the credibility of your support devices
Use recognizable organizations and people Or Be sure to tell us about the person or organization
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Types of Visual Aids
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Diagrams – line drawing showing the most important parts (cell)
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Objects – actual thing
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Model – scaled representation
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Word Charts and Number charts main points in speech; Top 10 Pop/Rock Songs
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Pie Charts – out of 100% Types of Dogs in a Competition
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Bar and Colum Charts – compare variables
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Line Charts Good to show changes over time
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Guidelines for Visual Aids
CVS Principle: a prescription for a great visual aid Clarity – easily understood Visibility – at least 2 inch letters Simplicity - rule of seven 7 words per 7 lines
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Follow the FUR Principle:
Helps others follow, understand, and remember Collegiate Quality Reliability – work, won’t backfire
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Vocal Citations . Give Credit to Your Sources
Failure to provide proper credit is plagiarism A Quote ≠ a Vocal Citation Ex: Mark Twain said it best when he said, “It takes three weeks to prepare a good impromptu speech.”
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Vocal citations include the name of the source – cite sources first
Example: In the July 9 issue of the Daily News Gazette, 80% of all college professors were reported as saying that students do not use correct vocal citations. All statistics and quotes MUST have vocal citations.
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