1. How to properly embed textual evidence into your writing.
Quote Incorporation
How to properly embed textual evidence into your writing.

2. Adding Textual Evidence
When asked to add specific textual evidence in your writing you have three choices: 1. quoting, 2. paraphrasing, 3. summarizing.
When dealing with literature you typically want to pull quotes to add specificity to your answer.
Instead of just saying that Ralph was excited to be on the island without grownups, add specifics from the text or a quote to help you.

3. Does your paper include textual evidence: Rules for Quoting
1. Quotes go in double quotation marks “ ”
2. After the quote include a parenthetical citation
(Author’s last name page number)
(Bradford 3) or (Smith 12-13) or (Jones 1025)
3. All punctuation goes after the parenthetical citation
4. All punctuation goes after the parenthetical citation, if it’s not an ! or ? that’s part of the original quote
5. Limit quotes to only 4-8 words

4. Examples of how to quote material:
According to some, dreams express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184), though others disagree.
According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184).
Is it possible that dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184)?

5. Adding Words – Add [ ]
If you add a word or words in a quotation, you should put brackets around the words to indicate that they are not part of the original text.
Original text:
“The great Athenian hero was Theseus. He had so many adventures and took part in so many great enterprises that there grew up saying in Athens, ‘Nothing without Theseus” (Hamilton 1028).
Quoted text:
“[Theseus] had so many adventures and took part in so many great enterprises” (Hamilton 1028).

6. Omitting Words . . .
If you omit a word or words from a quotation, you should indicate the deleted word or words by using ellipsis marks, which are three periods ( ) preceded and followed by a space. Original text: “The great Athenian hero was Theseus. He had so many adventures and took part in so many great enterprises that there grew up saying in Athens, ‘Nothing without Theseus” (Hamilton 1028). Quoted text: “[Theseus] had so many adventures and great enterprises” (Hamilton 1028), that he was considered a great hero.

7. When using quotes you want to incorporate them correctly
Do NOT do this:
. . . or this
“No, Lennie, look down there across the river like you can see the place” (Steinbeck 106). This quote shows that Lennie is compassionate when trying to help comfort his friend George.
Lennie is compassionate as he tries to help comfort his friends George. “No, Lennie, look down there across the river like you can see the place” (Steinbeck 106).

8. When using quotes you want to incorporate them correctly
So how do you incorporate quotes correctly?
You make quote sandwiches!
BREAD=introduction to quote
JAM=direct quote
BREAD=conclusion to quote

9. You’ve got several options while making your sandwiches
Point you’re trying to make: The conch has a special power that helps get Ralph elected as the leader of the boys.
Bread= The conch has its own special power
Jam = “But there was a stillness about Ralph as he sat that marked him out: there was his size, and attractive appearance; and most obscurely, yet most powerfully, there was the conch. The being that had blown that, had sat waiting for them on the platform with the delicate thing balanced on his knees, was set apart” (Golding 15).
Bread = It helps to set Ralph apart from the other boys.
Quote Sandwich: The conch has its own special power that both “marked [Ralph] out” and “set [him] apart” (Golding 15) from all the other boys on the island.

10. You’ve got several options while making your sandwiches
Point you’re trying to make: The conch has its own power, that even when Piggy holds it he can get the attention of others, who typically don’t pay attention to him.
Bread= The conch has its own power that even when Piggy holds it the boys listen to him, which is not always the case.
Jam=“Then Piggy was standing cradling the great cream shell and the shouting died down” (Golding 31).
Open-face sandwich: The conch has its own power, even when “Piggy [cradles] the great cream shell . . .the shouting [dies] down” (Golding 31).

11. Now it’s your turn . . .
Practice incorporating the following pieces of textual evidence in your own quote sandwiches.
1. Quotes go in double quotation marks “ ”
2. After the quote include a parenthetical citation
(Author’s last name page number)
(Bradford 3) or (Smith 12-13) or (Jones 1025)
3. All punctuation goes after the parenthetical citation
4. All punctuation goes after the parenthetical citation, if it’s not an ! or ? that’s part of the original quote
5. Limit quotes to only 4-8 words