1. PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION
THE NEW TAXONOMY

2. Let’s review Linnaean Taxonomy…
Organisms arranged based upon external physical (morphological) characteristics…
basically what does the organism look like.
Placed into successive groups as characteristics become more specific
Last two divisions Genus species represents the scientific name of the organism. Identifies that specific organism and no other
Scientific names eliminate the confusion of common names; written in Latin to avoid language barriers
Ex: cougar, puma, mountain lion are all the same animal
classified as Felis concolor

3. Internal skeleton w/ backbone
Eukaryotic, Multicellular, Heterotrotrophs
Internal skeleton w/ backbone
Hair, glands to produce milk
All teeth sharp, pointed
CATS
DOGS
BEARS

4. Linnaean taxonomy does not take into consideration genetic relationships(cause they didn’t know about DNA!) or the effects of natural selection on adaptation related to homologous structures, convergence, etc! Looks can be deceiving!

5. Phylogenetic Classification
Takes into account species patterns of decent, evolutionary relationships using characters: the inherited features that vary among species
Morphological: physical characteristics produced by proteins coded for by DNA: structure/function
Biochemical: DNA/RNA sequences( mutation rates,
numbers of mutations)
Most modern form of classification based on analysis of phylogenies: CLADISTICS
Construction of a diagram illustrating the genetic evolutionary relationships called CLADOGRAM or PHYLOGENETIC TREE

6. ANCESTRAL TRAIT: TRAIT ALL SHARE
ANY CLADE OF ORGANISMS
REPRESENTED ALONG A STRAIGHT
LINE IS NOT EXTINCT AND EQUALLY EVOLVED
ANCESTRAL SPECIES
OUTGROUPS
CLADE
SOFT SHELLED
HARD SHELL
PARADE
THOUGH NOT REPRESENTED HERE
THE DISTANCE BETWEEN NODES =
THE TIME BETWEEN DIVERGENT EVENT
DERIVED TRAITS
EVOLVED CHARACTERISTIC
UNIQUE TO GROUP
NODES BRANCHES OCCUR
AS RESULT OF DIVERGENCE
ANCESTRAL TRAIT: TRAIT ALL SHARE
ORIGINATED IN COMMON ANCESTOR, OLDEST TRAIT
CLADOGRAMS ASSUME THE GREATER NUMBER OF SHARED DERIVED TRAITS BY GROUPS THE MORE CLOSELY RELATED THE GROUPS ARE AND SHARE A COMMON ANCESTOR